Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
What is the metabolism?
All the chemical processes that are carried out in the human body.
What are the 4 macromolecules?
Protein, carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (fat), nucleic acids.
What are the two types of carbohydrates?
The two types of monosaccharides are, disaccharides (simple), polysaccharides (complex).
What is the job of carbohydrates?
To build cell membranes, and provide energy.
For carbohydrates define what a monosaccharide is.
3 to 7 carbon atoms
Ex:glucose, fructose
In carbohydrates define disaccharides.
2 simple sugars.
Ex, table sugar, maltose, lactose
For carbohydrates define polysaccharides.
Many sugars (more than 2) Linked sugars ex: starch, glycogen
What is the structure of lipids?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Insoluble in water.
What is lipids job?
Insulate and cushion, are the material that to build cell membranes, energy storage.
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids.
What is proteins job?
Help build and repair tissue, make up enzymes, antibodies, guides structure and support for blood cells, body tissue, muscle.
What is nucleic acids job?
To direct growth and development using chemical codes, DNA and RNA.
What is an example of the carbohydrase enzyme and where does it function?
Amylase: produced in salivary glands and functions in the mouth.
What is an example of the enzyme protease and where does it function?
Pepsin, produced by stomach glands and functions in the stomach.
What is an example of the nuclease enzyme and where does it function?
Pancreatic nuclease: produced in the pancreas and functions in the small intestine.
What is the functions in the human body for the mineral calcium?
- forming bone
- conducting nerve signals
- clotting blood
- contracting muscle
What is the functions in the human body for the mineral iron?
Producing hemoglobin.
What is the functions in the human body for the mineral magnesium?
- supporting enzyme functions
- producing protein
What is the functions in the human body for the mineral potassium?
- conducting nerve signals
- contracting muscle
What is the functions in the human body for the mineral sodium?
- conducting nerve signals
- balancing body fluid
What is the function in the body for vitamin A?
(Carotene)
- good vision
- healthy skin and bones
What is the function in the body for vitamin B1?
(Thiamine) -metabolizing carbohydrates
-growth and muscle tone
What is the function in the body for vitamin C?
(Ascorbic acid) -healthy bones, teeth, gums, and blood vessels
-boosting immune system
What is the function in the body for vitamin D?
- absorbing calcium
- forming bone