Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is the main function of eyebrows and eyelashes?
Protection
What help prevent sweat and debris from falling in the eye?
Eyebrows
What prevent small particles and debris from getting in the eye?
Eyelashes
What muscle closes the upper and lower eyelids and facilitates the movement and draining of tears through the tear drainage system?
Orbicularis Oculi
What muscle opens the upper eyelid?
Levator Palpebrae Superiosis
What conjunctiva lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids?
Palpebral Conjunctiva
What covers the anterior sclera and episclera before ending at the limbus?
Bulbar Portion
What controls accomodation?
Ciliary Body
What does the ciliary body produce?
Aqueous Humour
What collects aqueous humour from the anterior chamber and drains it into the venous system?
Canal of Schlemm
How many group of muscles does the iris contain?
2
What iris muscle is for parasympathetic system?
Spinchter Pupil
What iris muscle is for sympathetic system?
Dilator Pupillae
What is the lens made up of?
65% Water
What are the corneal layers from the outermost layer?
Epithelium Bowman's Layer Stroma Descemet's Layer Endothelium
What is a leaky layer that allows nutrients to pass from the aqueous humour/
Endothelium
What pumps fluid out of the stromal layer to keep the cornea clear and prevent swelling or thickening?
Endothelium
Which corneal layer makes up the majority of the corneal thickness?
Stroma
What is the sclera composted of?
Collagen tissue
What is covered by a thin layer called episclera?
Anterior Sclera
What turns into a mesh like structure?
Posterior Sclera
What are the most external vessels of choroid?
Larger vessels
What is made up of fenestrated capillaries that supply the vascular needs of the outer retina?
Choriocapillaries
What supplies the retina with oxygen?
Choroid
What is transported to and from the retina by the choroid?
Metabolites
What allows light rays to pass through to the retina?
Vitreous
What is the remnant of the primary vitreous?
Cloquet’s Canal
What are the retinal layers starting from the inner most layer?
Internal Limiting Membrane Nerve Fiber Layer Ganglion Cell Layer Inner Plexiform Layer Inner Nuclear Layer Outer Plexiform Layer Outer Nuclear Layer External Limiting Membrane Photoreceptor Layer Retinal Pigment Epithelium Bruch's Membrane Choroid
What retinal layer :
Pigment melanin absorbs stray light
Transport of metabolites to and from the choriocapillaris
Regeneration of visual pigments in rods and cones
RPE
What is the aqueous humor pathway?
Ciliary Body Pupil Anterior Chamber Trabecular Meshwork Schlemm's Canal Venous System
What are the 3 layers of the tear film?
Mucin Layer
Aqueous Layer
Lipid Layer
What layer of the tear film is produced by the goblet cells?
Mucin Layer
What layer of the tear film is produced by the lacrimal gland?
Aqueous Layer
What layer of the tear film is produced by the meibomian glands?
Lipid Layer
