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Phoebe's Resp > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

at level c6 vertebrae

A

Larynx becomes trachea

Pharynx becomes oesophagus

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2
Q

Thorax

A

Chest Walls and Chest Cavity

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3
Q

Chest walls

A

Protect heart and lungs
Make movement of breathing
Breast tissue

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4
Q

Chest Cavity

A

Within chest walls
Contains vital organs
Contains major vessels and nerves
Consists of mediastinum and right and left pleural cavities

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5
Q

Embryonic Lung Development

A
  1. Lung Bud
  2. Pushes from mediastinum
  3. Covered in pleura
  4. Parietal pleura on wall
  5. Visceral pleura on lungs
  6. Reflect on lung roots
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6
Q

Lung lobe

A

Area of lung that each of the lobar bronchi supply with air
Right - upper, lower, middle
Left - Upper, lower
Lobes separated by fissures

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7
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment

A

Area of lung lobe that each of the segmental bronchi supply with air
Each lung has 10 segments

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8
Q

Costovertebral joints

A

Limited movement

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9
Q

Muscles of breathing

A

External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles

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10
Q

Intercostal spaces

A

11 pairs

Each contains a neurovascular bundle between internal and innermost intercostal muscle

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11
Q

Nerve supply of intercostal space

A

anterior ramus of spinal nerve

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12
Q

Posterior blood supply of intercostal spaces

A 
Arterial = thoracic aorta
Venous = azygous vein
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13
Q

Anterior blood supply of intercostal spaces

A 
Arterial = internal thoracic artery
Venous = internal thoracic vein
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14
Q

Phrenic nerves that keep diaphragm alive

A

C3,4,5

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15
Q

Where is the middle lobe auscultated

A

Between right ribs 4 and 6

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16
Q

Site of lung apex

A

Superior to the clavicle

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17
Q

Where is the lung base auscultated

A

T11 vertebrae

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18
Q

Contains hyaline cartilage and is surrounded by the arch of the azygous vein

A

Right main bronchus

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19
Q

Anatomy of coughing

A
  1. Sensors throughout resp tract
  2. CNS responds rapidly
  3. Deep inspiration
  4. Adduction of vocal cords to close rima glottis
  5. Contraction of abdominal wall muscles
  6. Build up of pressure
  7. Vocal cords abduct to open rima glottides
  8. Soft palette tenses and elevates to close off entrance to nasopharynx (cough not sneeze)
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20
Q

Cranial nerves involved in sneezing

A

CN V, CN IV

21
Q

Cranial nerves involved in coughing

A

CN IX, CN X

22
Q

Carotid sheaths

A 
Protective tubes of cervical deep fascia
Contain:
vagus nerve
internal carotid artery
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
23
Q

Motor axons travel from

A

Tracheal bifurcation
Along branches of resp tress
Supply mucous glands and all bronchiolar smooth muscles

24
Q

Pulmonary visceral afferents travel from

A

Visceral pleura
Resp tree
To plexus
Follow vagus nerve to medulla of brainstem

25
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Attaches between sternum/ribs and humerus

26
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Can pull ribs 3-5 superiorly towards scapula

27
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Attaches between sternum and mastoid process of temporal bone

28
Q

Scalenus anterior, medis, posterior

A

Attach between cervical vertebrae and ribs 1 and 2

29
Q

Recruitment of accessory muscle suggests

A

Dyspnoea

difficulty breathing

30
Q

Intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

Skeletal
Between cartilages
Supplied by motor

31
Q

Left and right vagus nerves

A 
Connect with CNS at medulla
Pass through jugular foramen
Descend through neck within carotid sheath
Descend posterior to lung root
Pass through diaphragm on the oesphagus
Divide on surface of stomach
32
Q

Subcostal nerve

A

T12 anterior ramus

33
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve

A

half of L1 anterior ramus

34
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve

A

Other half of L1 anterior ramus

35
Q

Asthma dynamic airway compression can lead to

A

Rupture of lung and visceral pleura

Causing Pneumothorax

36
Q

Pneumothorax Examination

A

Reduced ipsilateral chest expansion
Reduced ipsilateral breath sounds
Hyper-resonance

37
Q

Pneumothorax investigations

A

Absent lung markings peripherally

Lung edge visible

38
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Torn pleura creates a one way valve that permits air to enter pleural cavity but prevents it from leaving
With each inspiration more air enters
Pneumothorax expands and lung collapses towards root
Eventually build up of air in pleural cavity applies tension to mediastinal structures

39
Q

What may cause mediastinal shift

A

Tension pneumothorax

40
Q

Consequences of mediastinal shift

A

Tracheal deviation away from side affected

41
Q

How does tension pneumothorax cause hypertension

A

SVC compression

Reduces venous return to heart

42
Q

Management of pneumothorax

A
  1. Needle aspiration
  2. Chest drain
    BOTH 4th of 5th INTERCOSTAL SPACE MIDAXILLARY LINE
43
Q

Management of tension pneumothorax

A

Insertion of IV cannula, 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line

44
Q

2 factors required for hernia formation

A
  1. weakness of one structure

2. increased pressure on one side of wall

45
Q

Paraoesophageal hiatus hernia

A

herniated part of stomach passes through oesophageal hiatus to become parallel to oesophagus and and in chest

46
Q

Sliding hiatus hernia

A

Herniated part of stomach slides through oesophageal hiatus into chest WITH gastro-oesophageal junction

47
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Form in medial half of inguinal region
Weakness in inguinal canal
Pressure in antra-abdomen

48
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

‘Finger’ of peritoneum forced through inguinal canal into scrotum
‘Finger’ of peritoneum forced through deep ring and out of superficial ring into scrotum

49
Q

Differentiate between inguinal hernias

A
  1. Reduce hernia
  2. Occlude the deep ring with fingertip pressure
  3. Ask patient to cough
  4. If hernia is direct = lump reappears

Phoebe's Resp (23 decks)

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