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Deck Kat > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid gland is invested by what structure?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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2
Q

Cranial nerve that descends through the neck in the Carotid sheath?

A

Vagus nerve

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3
Q

Dental abscess. Pathway in which infection spread to the mediastinum?

A

Retropharyngeal space

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4
Q

Ludwig’s angina primarily involves which fascial planes?

A

Submandibular space

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5
Q

Hyoid bone approximately lies at what level of cervical vertebrae?

A

C3

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6
Q

Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Digastric (ant&post)
Mylohyoid
Stylohyod
Geniohyoid

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7
Q

Action of suprahyoid muscles

A

Elevates hyoid bone

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8
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Deep
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Superficial
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid

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9
Q

The right and left thyroid gland is connected by a narrow __________ located at the ________tracheal rings

A

ISTHMUS

2nd 3rd and 4th tracheal rings

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10
Q

How many grams is the thyroid?

A

20 grams

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11
Q

Blood supply of the thyroid?

Venous drainage?

A

Superior thyroid artery from external carotid
Inferior thyroid artery from thyrocervical trunk

Venous drainage:
Superior thyroid - IJV
Middle thyroid - IJV
Inferior thyroid- brachiocephalic

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12
Q

Present in 12% of individuals, its a small midline artery

A

Thyroidea Ima artery

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13
Q

First endocrine gland to develop; 24 days after fertilization

A

Thyroid gland

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14
Q

The developing thyroid gland is connected to the tongue by ?

A

The thyroglossal duct

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15
Q

The most common site of an ectopic thyroid?

A

Lingual

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16
Q

Primary tumors to oral cavity metastasize to nodes?

A

Level I,II and III

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17
Q

Tumors to oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx will metastasize to nodes?

A

LN II, III AND IV

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18
Q

Nasopharyngeal and thyroid cancers will metastasize to what level of nodes?

A

Level V

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19
Q

The cricoid cartilage of the larynx is at the level of which cervical vertebrae?

A

Cricoid cartilage - C6

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20
Q

Nerve injured during ligation of superior thyroid artery? Inferior thyroid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery - External laryngeal nerve

Inferior thyroid artery- inferior/recurrent laryngeal

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21
Q

Laryngeal muscle acts as the chief tensor of the vocal cords? Relaxor?

A

Cricothyroid - tensor

Thyroarytenoid - relaxor

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22
Q

What side of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is more commonly injured?

A

Left side is more commonly injured

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23
Q

In tracheotomy, opening is made in the trachea at what tracheal ring?

A

Between 1st and 2nd

Or second through 4th tracheal rings

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24
Q

What cells produces the parathyroid hormone?

A

Parathyroid gland : chief cells (PTH) and oxyphil cell

Thyroid gland: follicular cell and para follicular cell

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25
Q

Motor supply to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve from C3C4C5
In the neck it lies on scalenus anterior

In gb inflammation pain is referred to C 4 distribution

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26
Q

Which zones of the neck is most commonly injured? Which zones obstruct the airway and have the greatest risk for morbidity and mortality?

A

ZONES I AND III - obstruct the airway

ZONE II - most common

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27
Q

Crutch injury. What nerve is affected?

A

Radial nerve - manifests as weakness un extending the forearm and wrist drop

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28
Q

Bones involved in transmission of weight while standing?

A

Sacrum
Pelvis
Femur
Tibia

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29
Q

Equivalent layer of deep investing fascia of abdomen in perineum? And in penis?

A

Deep investing fascia: Gallaudet’s

deep investing fascia: buck’s facia

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30
Q

Equivalent of camper’s fascia in the perineum and penis?

A

Camper’s fascia (fatty superficial layer): fatty superficial layer: dartos muscle (first layers)

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31
Q

Equivalent of dartos fascia in the abdomen and perineum?

A

Dartos fascia (middle layer): scarpas fascia (membranous superficial layer) : colle’s fascia (MSL)

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32
Q

Which part of the pelvis has an obstetrical significance?

A

Lesser pelvis, true pelvis, pelvis minor

Below the arcuate line that has a obstetrical significance

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33
Q

Shape of right and left adrenal glands

A

Right : triangle

Left : crescent

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34
Q

Cartilage that is pyramidal n shape?

A

Arytenoid

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35
Q

FSH IS SECRETED BY WHAT TYPE OF CELL IN the PITUITARY?

A

Basophils - FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH
acidophils - GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN
supraoptic nuclei - Vasopressin mainly
Paraventricular nuclei - Oxytocin mainly

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36
Q

Costal line of pleural reflection?

Lower margin of lungs?

A

Costal:
8th rib MCL
10th rib MAL
12th rib Sides of vertebral column

lower margin:
6th rib MCL
8th rib MAL
10th rib sides of vertebral column

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37
Q

Layers passed in doing spinal tap

A

Skin, supraspinatous ligament, interspinous ligament, dura mater and subarachnoid space

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38
Q

Tumor cells in the gonads will affect which nodes initially?

A

Lumbar (aortic) lymph nodes

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39
Q

Blood supply of the fundus of the stomach?

A

Short gastric artery

Lesser curvature : right and left gastric artery
Greater curvature: right and left gastroomental artery

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40
Q

May thurner syndrome?

A

The LEFT common iliac VEIN is compressed by the RIGHT common iliac ARTERT

Predisposes to deep vein thrombosis

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41
Q

Keisselbach’s plexus

A

Arterial supply - MOF : GrAPeS Sa Labi

Sphenopalatine artery and Greater palatine artery of the MAXILLARY artery
Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal artery of the OPHTHALMIC branch
Superior labial artery AND Lateral nasal branches of the FACIAL ARTERY

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42
Q

What differentiates the PCT to DCT?

A

Brush border

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43
Q

The inner ear is housed in which bone?

A

Temporal bone

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44
Q

Pelvis :

Transverse > AP diameter

A

“FLAT” : platypelloid

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45
Q

Pelivs:

AP > transverse

A

AnthroPoid

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46
Q

Tumor compressing brachial plexus and and cervical stellate ganglion

A

Pancoast syndrome

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47
Q

Structures passed in passing a needle at the pleural space in MAL

A

Internal intercostals
External intercostals
Innermost intercostals
Parietal pleura

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48
Q

Right border of the heart

A

Right atrium

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49
Q

Inferior border of the heart

A

Right ventricle

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50
Q

Quadrate lobe. Bile drainage? Blood supply?

A

Quadrate lobe is part of the LEFT LOBE and thus drains bile to the LEFT HEPATIC DUCT and is supplied by the LEFT HEPATIC ARTERY

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51
Q

MALFORMATION of the TRANSVERSALIS muscle will lead to a defective ___________.

A

Deep inguinal ring

Other inguinal ligaments and ring is from the aponeurosis of the EOM

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52
Q

Remnant of the left umbilical vein?

A

LEFT umbilical vein = ROUND LIGAMENT

RIGHT umbilical vein degenerates during early embryonic period

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53
Q

Remnant of the ductus venosus? Ductus areteriosus? Umbilical artery?

A

Ductus Venosus - ligamentum venosum
Ductus arteriosus-ligamentum arteriosum
UMBILICAL ARTERY- MEDIAL UMBILICAL LIGAMENT

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54
Q

Great cardiac vein: ——
Middle cardiac vein:——-
Anterior cardiac vein: ——-
Small cardiac vein:—–

A

Great cardiac vein: Anterior Interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein:accompanies POST INTERVENTICULAR ARTERY
Anterior cardiac vein: drains directly to Right atrium
Small cardiac vein: marginal artery

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55
Q

What muscle forms boundaries of the triangle of auscultation and lumbar triangles?

A

Latissimus dorsi supplied by the thoracodorsal artery

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56
Q

The isthmus of the thyroid gland lies anterior to the….

A

2-3 tracheal ring

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57
Q

What comprises the nasal septum?

A

Septal cartilage
Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

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58
Q

Nasolacrimal duct drains to what nasal meatus?

A

Inferior nasal meatus

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59
Q

Forms the fascial floor of the posterior triangle

A

Prevertebral layer

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60
Q

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve

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61
Q

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone?

A

Hyoid bone

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62
Q

At what cervical level does the common carotid and Internal and external carotid artery bifurcate?

A

At the c4 at the level of e superior border of the thyroid cartilage

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63
Q

If the patient is stabbed at the occipital triangle , what artery will be more likely be injured? What nerve?

A

Occipital artery and Accessory nerve

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64
Q

What vessels cross the supraclavicular triangle?

A

External jugular vein

Subclavian artery

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65
Q

A fibrous band that connects the pyramidal lobe to the hyoid bone?

A

Levator glandula thyroidea

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66
Q

Remnant of the thyroglossal duct?

A

Foramen cecum

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67
Q

Muscles of deglutition?

A 
SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR
MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR
INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR
CRICOPHARYNGEUS
STYLOPHARYNGEUS
SALPHINGOPHARYNGEUS
PALATOPHARYNGEUS
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68
Q

Innervation of the muscles for deglutition?

A

Afferent : Cranial nerve 9 - glossopharyngeal nerve

Efferent fibers: cranial nerve 10- vagus nerve

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69
Q

What nerve is injured that results to a monotonous speech?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve -external branch

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70
Q

Osteoclastic activity of bone is a result of what hormone?

A

Pth

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71
Q

What cell of the parathyroid produces the pth?

A

Chief cells - pth

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72
Q

Follicular cells produces?

Parafollicular cells produces?

A

Follicular cells : t3t4

Parafollicular cells : calcitonin

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73
Q

Reabsorption of calcium occurs at what part of the kidney?

A

Proximal convoluted tubules

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74
Q

Common location of ectopic parathyroid?

A

Superior mediastinum

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75
Q

Zones of penetrating neck trauma

A

Zone I, II, III

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76
Q

Most commonly injured zone of the neck?

A

Zone 2

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77
Q

Zone or zones of the neck that has the greatest risk for morbidity and mortality?

A

Zones 1 & 3

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78
Q

At what level of the vertebra does the trachea bifurcates?

A

At the sternal angle at T4

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79
Q

Commonly fractured ribs? And which area?

A

The 5th-9th ribs at the anterior of its angle

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80
Q

True ribs? False ribs? Floating ribs?

A

1-7 true
8-12 false
11 and 12 floating

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81
Q

Patient presents with pain down the medial forearm and hand with wasting of the hand muscles

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome where there is pressure on the LOWER TRUNK OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS

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82
Q

Three muscles that depresses the ribs

A

Serratus posterior inferior
Internal intercostal muscles
Transversus thoracis muscles

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83
Q

What is the sternal plane?

A

An imaginary line that passes fron the angle of louie anteriorly and t4 posteriorly

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84
Q

In DiGeorge syndrome, the thymus gland is absent. What else will be missing in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Parathyroid gland

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85
Q

Normal pericardial fluid

A

30ml

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86
Q

You noticed that a patient’s jugular veins distend upon inspiration…what sign is this?

A

Kussmaul sign

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87
Q

You were assigned to do a pericardiocentesis… Where will you insert the needle?

A

At the left xiphocostal angle to insert until the serous layer of the parietal pericardium

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88
Q

What are the hearts auscultatory areas?

A

Pulmonic - left 2nd ics
Aortic -right 2nd ics
Mitral - 5th ics MCL LEFT
tricuspid - right lower and of sternum 5th ics

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89
Q

The second heart sound is due to the closure of what valves?

A

Aortic and pulmonic valves

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90
Q

Common site of myocardial infarction

A

Anterior interventricular artery

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91
Q

Coronary artery lesion at the circumflex will lead to what wall defect?

A

Posterolateral wall seen at V4-V6 of the ECG

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92
Q

Fossa ovalis is seen at what chamber of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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93
Q

Most anterior portion of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

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94
Q

Chamber with a moderator band?

A

Right ventricle

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95
Q

Most posterior chamber of the heart

A

Left Atrium

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96
Q

Primitive atrium

A

Left atrium

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97
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Left ventricle

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98
Q

Right atrium is from?

A

Right horn of sinus venosus

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99
Q

The left horn of the sinus venosus forms the?

A

Coronary sinus

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100
Q

The right ventricle is formed from?

A

The bulbos cordis

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101
Q

The truncus areteriosus becomes the?

A

Root of the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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102
Q

Most common form of an ASD?

A

Patent foramen ovale

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103
Q

Most common type of CHD?

A

VSD

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104
Q

Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease?

A

Transposition of the great arteries

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105
Q

Components of TOF

A

P-pulmonary stenosis
R-right ventricular hypertrophy
O-overriding of the aorta
V- vsd

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106
Q

Ductus arteriosus becomes the?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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107
Q

Foramen ovale becomes the?

A

Fossa ovalis

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108
Q

Ductus venosus becomes the

A

Ligamentum venosum

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109
Q

Umbilical VEIN becomes the ?

A

Ligamentum teres

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110
Q

Umbilical ARTERIES becomes the?

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

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111
Q

Foramen ovale will completely close at what age?

A

3rd month

112
Q

Most common congenital anomaly related with maternal rubella?

A

PDA

113
Q

Aortic arch derivative

Common carotid arteries?
Pulmonary arteries?
Arch of aorta?

A

Carotids : 3rd
Arch : 4th
Pulmo art : 6th

114
Q

Derivative of the portal system?

A

Vitelline or the omphalomesenteric veins

115
Q

The cardinal veins becomes the?

A

Caval system

116
Q

In thoracentesis, where is the needle inserted?

A

Midaxillary line between ribs 8 and 10

117
Q

Anatomical and surgical units if the lungs?

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

118
Q

The apex of both lungs is how many cm above the clavicle?

A

2.5 cm

119
Q

FB aspiration in a patient lying on the left side

A

Fb at the inferior lingular BPS of the left upper lobe

120
Q

Fb aspiration while sitting

A

Right bronchus at the posterobasal BPS right lower lobe

121
Q

FB aspiration in supine

A

Superior BPS right lower lobe

122
Q

Lying on right side

A

Posterior BPS of the right upper lobe

123
Q

Boot shaped heart in The xray

A

TOF

124
Q

Rib notching in the xray

A

Coarctation of the aorta

125
Q

The SVC drains to the atrium at the level of:

A

3rd right costal cartilage

126
Q

Dimpling of the breast in breast cancer is due to?

A

Shortening of the suspensory ligament of cooper

127
Q

Nipple inversion in breast CA is due to?

A

Pulling of the lactiferous ducts by cancer cells

128
Q

Pau d orange sign is due to

A

Interference with lymphatic drainage

129
Q

Most common location of breast carcinoma?

A

Upper lateral quadrant

130
Q

What nerve is injured in winging of scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve

131
Q

Patient presents with difficulty in horizontal extension of upper extremities. What nerve is injured?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

132
Q

Loss of sensation on the upper inner aspect of the arm is due to injury of what nerve?

A

Intercostal nerve

133
Q

Difficulty in lifting her child, flapping her arms and doing arm wrestling, what nerve is injured?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

134
Q

Breast lymphatic drainage

Lateral quadrants:______
Medial quadrants:_______

A

Lateral: axillary lymph nodes
Medial: parasternal nodes

135
Q

Nerve supply of the breasts

A

4th to 6th intercostal nerves

136
Q

Phrenic nerve arises from?

A

C3 C4 C5

137
Q

The thoracic duct empties into what vein?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

138
Q

Structures transmitted by the AORTIC OPENING?

A

Azygous vein
aorta
Thoracic duct

139
Q

Umbilicus is normally in what vertebral level?

A

L3

140
Q

Hesselbach triangle boundaries

A

RAMILES

Rectus Abdominis- medially
inguinal ligament- inferiorly and laterally
Epigastric artery - superiorly

141
Q

Direct hernia lies _______ to epigastric vessels while indirect lies _______ to epigastric vessels

A

‘MD’

Medial : direct
Lateral: indirect

142
Q

Cremasteric muscle is derived from what layer of the abdominal wall?

A

INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES

143
Q

Layers of abdominal wall

A 
Skin
Campers
Scarpas
Deep fascia
Muscles
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
144
Q

The tunica vaginalis is derived from what abdominal wall layer?

A

Peritoneum

145
Q

The dartos muscle is derived fro what abdominal wall layer?

A

Superficial fascia

146
Q

When eliciting the cremasteric reflex, what nerve are we testing?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

147
Q

Rectum in relation with the peritoneum

A

“PRE”

Superior - peritoneal
Middle- retroperitoneal
Inferior- extaperitoneal

148
Q

What organs lie in the peritoneal cavity?

A

NO ORGANS LIE IN THIS POTENTIAL SPACE!

149
Q

Abdominal policemen

A

Omentum

150
Q

Largest arterial supply and smallest branch of celiac trunk

A

Left gastric artery

151
Q

Perforation to the posterior wall of the stomach wall will accumulate in the?

A

Omental bursa

152
Q

Surgical incision at the fundus of the stomach would require you to clamp which artery?

A

Short gastric artery

153
Q

Gastric ulcers are usually found in what part of the stomach?

A

At the body near the lesser curvature above the incisura angularis

154
Q

Carcinomas of the stomach are most commonly found at?

A

The pylorus

155
Q

Ulcers in the duodenum most commonly occurs at which part?

A

Anterior wall of the first part of duodenum

156
Q

Ulcers where pain is relieved with food and antacids? Pain occurs after 1-3 hours of food intake.

A

Duodenal ulcers

157
Q

Burning pain occurs soon after eating, not relieved by food or antacids

A

Gastric ulcers

158
Q

Bleeding distal from the ligament of trietz will manifest most commonly as?

A

Hematochezia

159
Q

Hematemesis occurs when there is bleeding ________ to the ligament of trietz

A

Proximal

160
Q

Jejunum lies at the ________

Ileum lies at the __________

A

Jej : LUQ

IL: RLQ

161
Q

Caused by hyperplasia of lymphatic tissues in the wall of the intestine

A

Intussusception

162
Q

Most common form of intussusception?

A

Ileocecal

163
Q

Endocrine function of the pancreas

A

Islets of langerhans

164
Q

Exocrine function of pancreas?

A

Pancreatic acinar

165
Q

Tumor of the uncinate process of the pancreas will most likely compress which structure?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

166
Q

Zone of the liver acinus that receives most of the oxygen delivered?

A

Zone 1

167
Q

Zone of the liver acinus that is susceptible to ischemic injury?

A

Zone 3

168
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct

169
Q

Tumor of porta hepatis will most likely affect what structure?

A

Branches of portal vein

170
Q

Liver is supplied by?

A

Portal vein 70%

Hepatic artery 30%

171
Q

Portal vein is formed by the union of which structures?

A

Superior mesenteric and splenic vein

172
Q

Pringle maneuver is used to clamp what part of the liver?

A

Clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament which contains both hepatic artery and portal vein

173
Q

Common site for liver biopsy?

A

Right 10th ICS IN MAL

174
Q

GB CAPACITY?

A

30-50 ml

175
Q

Infundibulum of GB is called?

A

Hartmann pouch

176
Q

Triangle of calot boundaries?

A

Superiorly - liver
Inferiorly - cystic duct
Medially - common hepatic duct

177
Q

Common site of impacted gallstone

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

178
Q

Valve of Houston is associated with what organ?

A

Rectum

179
Q

Most common position of the appendix?

A

Retrocecal

180
Q

Most common cause of appendicitis in children?

A

Hyperplasia of the lymphatic tissue

181
Q

Most common cause of appendicitis in adults?

A

Fecalith

182
Q

What could have been injured post appendectomy where patient presents with weakening of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

183
Q

Three hemorrhoidal cushions?

A

Left lateral
Right anterior
Right posterior

184
Q

Persistence of remant of vitelline duct forming an outpouching of of the ileum

A

Meckel diverticulum

185
Q

Meckels rules if two

A

Twrue diverticulum
That occurs in 2% of pop
Located 2 ft from ileocecal junxn
2 inches long

186
Q

Usual site of renal transplant

A

Iliac fossa

187
Q

In renal transplant where is the renal artery anastomosed?

A

Internal iliac artery

Renal vein is to external iliac vein

188
Q

Nutcracker syndrome resulted from compression of what structures?

A

Compression of left renal vein by the Superior mesenteric artery and aorta

189
Q

Embryologic structure

Cortex : _________
Medulla: ________

A

Cortex: mesoderm
Medulla: neural crests

190
Q

Adrenal Cortex zones and their products

A

Zona glomerulosa : aldosterone(mineralocorticoids)
Zona fasiculata: cortisol(glucocorticoids)
Zona reticularis: androgens (sex hormones)

191
Q

Adrenal gland

Triangle :_________
Crescent: __________

A

Right : triangle

Left: crescent

192
Q

Adrenal medulla secretes?

A

Epi norepi

193
Q

Venous drainage of adrenal gland?

A

Right adrenal vein to IVC

Left adrenal vein to renal vein to IVC

194
Q

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex?

A

Addison disease - bronze skin

195
Q

Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex

A

Cushing’s disease

196
Q

Constrictions of the ureters

A
  1. Renal pelvis
  2. Pelvic brim
  3. Enters the UB
197
Q

Shortest part of the male urethra?

A

Membranous part

198
Q

Widest part of the male urethra

A

Prostatic part

199
Q

Embryonic origin of the urinary bladder

A

Vesical part of the urogenital sinus

200
Q

Fascia enclosing three erectile tissue in body of penis

A

Buck’s fascia

201
Q

What is significant in obstetric examination? True conjugate or the diagonal conjugate?

A

Diagonal conjugate diameter

202
Q

How do we measure the diagonal conjugate diameter?

A

From sacral promontory to inferior margin of symphysis pubis

203
Q

How do we measure the true conjugate diameter?

A

From sacral promontory to SUPERIOR MARGIN of the symphysis pubis

204
Q

Distance between two ischial tuberosities

A

Transverse diameter

205
Q

Muscle that enters the greater sciatic foramen

A

PIRIFORMIS

206
Q

What structures goes to both the greater and lesser foramen?

A

Pudendal nerves
Internal pudendal VESSELS
Nerve to the obturator internus

207
Q

Pelvic diaphragm consists of the?

A

Levator ani muscles

Coccygeus

208
Q

Components of the Levator ani muscles

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

209
Q

Most important of the levator ani muscles?

A

Pubococcygeus

210
Q

What is traversed when there is a laceration to include the rectal mucosa?

A

Bulbospongiosus
Central perineal tendon / superficial transverse perineal muscle
External anal sphincter

211
Q

Contents of the ischiorectal / ischioanal fossae?

A

Inferior rectal artery, vein and nerve

Perineal branch of the femoral cutaneous nerve

212
Q

Broca’s area s brodmann #

A

44 &45

213
Q

Primary motor area is at the __________ on b.a. #

A

Precentral gyrus at #4

214
Q

Post central gyrus is at b.a.#

A

3,2,1 also primary somatosensory area

215
Q

Auditory area is b.a. #

A

41,42

216
Q

Primary visual area is b.a. #

A

17

217
Q

Sensory aphasia is also known as?

A

Wernicke aphasia where there is receptive aphasia

218
Q

Patient had a stroke that lead him to a motor aphasi aka?

A

Broca aphasia

219
Q

All areas are supplied by the ______ except got the legs

A

MCA

220
Q

Decussation occurs at ?

A

Lower medulla

221
Q

Fasiculations? Umn or lmn?

A

Lmn

222
Q

Thalamic nuclei concerned with emotional tone and memory?

A

Anterior thalamic nuclei

223
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in Dejerine-roussy syndrome or the central pain syndrome?

A

Thalamic infarction

224
Q

Cerebellar lobe in-charge of coordination of limb movements and regulation of muscle tone?

A

Anterior lobe or spinocerebellum

225
Q

Cerebellar lobe that coordinates voluntary movement?

A

Posterior lobe or neocerebellum

226
Q

Cerebellar lobe responsible for equilibrium?

A

Vestibulocerebellum or floculonodular lobe

227
Q

Heel to shin test is done to check which lobe?

A

Anterior lobe of the cerebellum

228
Q

Which lobe has a lesion if there is ataxia, dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia?

A

Posterior lobe of the cerebellum

229
Q

Where is the lesion if a patient manifests resting tremors?

A

Basal ganglia

230
Q

Trace csf flow

A

L-M-3S4-ML

231
Q

Total CSF volume

A

130-150 ml

232
Q

Lumbar puncture site?

A

L3-4 L4-5

233
Q

Cranial nerves with parasympathetic components?

A

III, VII, IX, X

234
Q

CN with only sensory function

A

I,II, VIII

235
Q

CN with mixed function?

A

CN V, VII, IX, X

236
Q

Most posteriorly situated CN?

A

Trochlear IV

237
Q

Largest CN?

A

Trigeminal V

238
Q

What goes to the cribriform plate of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

CN I

239
Q

What goes to the optical canal?

A

CN II and Ophthalmic artery

240
Q

What goes thru the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary nerve V2

241
Q

What goes thru foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve V3

242
Q

CN that passes the foramen magnum?

A

CN XI (spinal root)

243
Q

What CN passes the jugular foramen?

A

IX,X,XI (cranial root)

244
Q

What passes the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

245
Q

What passes the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII AND VIII

246
Q

What CNs are located supratentorially?

A

CN I AND II

247
Q

Smiling muscle

A

Zygomaticus

248
Q

Sarcodonic smile or grin

A

Risorius

249
Q

Blowing or sucking muscle

A

Buccinator

250
Q

Chin muscle

A

Mentalis

251
Q

Kissing muscle

A

Orbicularis oris

252
Q

Structures affected by cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

CN III,IV,VI AND ophthalmic division and maxillary division of CN V and the INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

253
Q

Perilymph is located in which structure?

A

Scala tympani

254
Q

Immovable joints are?

A

Synarthroses

255
Q

Freely movable joints are?

A

Diarthroses

256
Q

Ball and socket joint example

A

Shoulder and hip joints

257
Q

Ellipsoidal joint

A

Wrist

258
Q

Saddle joint

A

Thumb

259
Q

Hinge type or ginglymus

A

Elbow, knee and ankle

260
Q

Condyloid type of joint

A

Knuckles

261
Q

Pivot type or trochoid?

A

Atlantoaxial and radioulnar

262
Q

Contents of the axilla

A

Axillary artery, vein and the brachial plexus
Axillary lymph nodes
Long thoracic nerve

263
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

SITS

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

264
Q

Most common type of shoulder dislocation

A

Antero inferior dislocation

265
Q

Main abductor of the shoulder?

A

Deltoid muscle supplied by the axillary nerve

266
Q

Most commonly affected in the inflammation of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus producing pain during abduction

267
Q

Which joint is affected in SHOULDER DISLOCATION?

A

Glenohumeral joint

268
Q

What joint is affected in SHOULDER SEPARATION?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

269
Q

Contents of the quadrangular space?

A 
Axillary nerve (CIRCUMPLEX NERVE)
Posterior circumflex humeral vessels
270
Q

Triangular space content

A

Circumflex scapular vessels

271
Q

Anteriorly the arm is innervated by the?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

272
Q

Posteriorly, the arm is innervated by the ?

A

Radial nerve

273
Q

Main flexor of the forearm?

A

Brachialis

274
Q

Main extensor of the forearm?

A

Triceps brachii

275
Q

Main supinator if the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

Deck Kat (9 decks)

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