Anatomy Flashcards
The diencephalon is compromised of which structures?
Thalamus + hypothalamus
The diencephalon forms the central core of where?
Cerebrum
Label the attached brain structures
A = Mid-brain
B = Pons
C = Medulla oblongata
The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary via which structure?
Infundibulium
Label the structures in this saggtal section of the brain
A = Hypothalamus
B = Pituitary Gland
C = Infundibulum
The pituitary fossa lies within which anatomical space?
The sella turcica
The pituitary gland lies immediately inferior / posterior / superior / medial / lateral to the optic chiasm?
Posterior (gland is “just behind” the chiasm)
In bitemporal hemanopia, which ocular vision is lost?
Nasal retina vision
In bitemporal hemanopia, which visual field is lost?
Both temporal fields
The pituitary gland can be surgically accessed via which 2 approaches?
1) Transsphenoidal (via nasal cavity & sphenoid sinus)
2) Transcranial (under the frontal bone)
Label the structures
A = Oral cavity
B = Hard palate
C = Vomer
D = Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
E = Perpindicular plate of ethmoid bone
Which side of the head is this saggital section facing? Label the structures
Side = lateral wall
A = optic chiasm
B = pituitary gland
C = left superior concha
D = left middle concha
E = left inferior concha
List the paranasal sinuses (4)
1) Maxillary
2) Ethmoidal
3) Sphenoidal
4) Frontal
The sinuses are lined by which type of mucosa?
Respirstory
The transsphenoidal / trans-nasal approach to the pituitary requires fracture of which bones?
Nasal septum, floor/roof of sphenoidal sinuses
Grade these LeFort fractures
A = LeFort 1
B = LeFort 2
C = LeFort 3
Which LeFort fracture can be used in trans-sphenoidal approach to pituitary?
LeFort I
Label these cranial nerves & associated structure (you can do it)
A = CN I
B = CN II
C = CN III
D = CN IV
E = CN V (V1, V2 and V3)
F = CN VI
G = CN VII
H = CN VIII
I = CN IX
J = CN X
K = CN XI
L = CN XII
M = Optic chiasm
The cranial cavity is lined internally with which layer of meninges?
Dura mater
What’s the term for the sheet of dura mater which rests over the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
What’s the term for the tough sheet of dura mater lying over the pituitary fossa?
Diaphragm sellae
Which sinuses drain most of the blood in the brain? Where do they drain to?
The dural venous sinuses (within the dura) & they drain to the internal jugular veins
Which sinus connects the left and right cavernous sinuses in the brain?
The anterior intercavernous sinus
Label the structures of the pituitary and relations. Which plane is this section in?
A = Pituitary gland lying inferior to the diaghragm sellae
B = Left and right cavernous sinuses
C = Right internal carotid arteries
Plane = frontal
Label the structures in the lateral view of the right cavernous sinus
A = CN III
B = CN IV
C = CN VI
D = CN V
E = Carotid canal in the right temporal bone
F = Right cavernous sinus
G = Pituitary gland
Supply of orbit (opthalmic artery) is a branch of…
Internal carotid artery
The thyroid isthmus is always present, T/F?
False - variation
Describe the arterial blood supply to the thyroid? What are they branches of?
Superior and inferior thyroid artery - branches of the external carotid artery
What’s the “additional” thyroid artery which isn’t always present?
Artery of Ima
List the veins of the thyroid & where do they drain?
Superior and middle (drain into internal jugular) and inferior (drains into braciocephalic veins)
The posterio-medial aspect of the thyroid gland is attached to the thyroid via which ligament?
Berry ligament
List the structures
A = Follicle
B = Follicular cells
C = Colloid (tyrosine containing thyroglobulin)
D = Parafollicular cells (secrete calcitonin)
Iodine is extracted from the blood to the follicular cells across the basolateral / apical membrane?
Basolateral