Anatomy Flashcards
What are the functions of the skin?
- Barrier
- Thermoregulation
- Vitamin D synthesis
- Sensation
- Cosmetics
- Immunosurveillance
What are the three layers of the skin from out to in?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
What are the layers of the epidermis from out to in?
Stratum corneum - Acts as barrier
Granular cell layer - Secretes lipids into spaces for barrier
Stratum spinosum (prickly cell layer) - Contains Langerhans cells
Basal cell layer - Contanins melanocytes, keratinocytes
What do langerhans cells do?
Immunity
What do melanocytes do?
Produce melanin for UV protection
What do keratinocytes do?
Make keratin which works up to the stratum corneum
What joins the cells of the epidermis together?
Desmosomes
What joins the epidermis to the dermis?
Hemidesmosomes
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Pupillary - connects to epidermis
Reticular - Contains hair follicles, sweat glands and blood plexi
What are eccrine sweat glands?
SNS via hypothalamus - on forehead, palms, soles and underarms
What are apocrine sweat glands?
Become active after puberty
What are sebaceous glands?
Secrete sebum to protect the skin - more active after puberty (site of comedones)
What is the nail anatomy?
What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions?
1 - Histamine/heparin/tryptase release via IgE on mast cells
2 - Autoimmune eg IBD, Hishomotos
3 - Autoimmune complexes eg SLE
4 - CD4, MHCII and Th1 causing inflammation - allergens amd things which touch the skin. also, occupational asthma