Anatomy

Question 1

Name the different types of teeth and their order

Answer 1

Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, second premolar, first second and third molar

Question 2

Where does the root canal open into?

Answer 2

Apical foramen

Question 3

What are the types of papillae of the tongue and which contain tastebuds?

Answer 3

Filiform and Fungiform (contain tastebuds)

Question 4

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what is their function

Answer 4

Genioglossus - protrudes tongue
Hyoglossus - Depress
Styloglossus - Retracts
Palatoglossus - Elevates

Question 5

What are the types of salivary glands and what kind of saliva do they make?

Answer 5

Parotid: watery (serous)
Submandibular: 1:1 water and mucus
Sublingual: mucus

Question 6

What are the muscles of teh pharynx?

Answer 6

1. Superior, middle and inferior constrictors

2. Palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus (longitudinal)

Question 7

What are the three constrictions of the oesophagus?

Answer 7

1. Upper oesophageal sphincter (C6)
2. Middle where it is crossed by L main bronchus
3. Lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 8

What are the muscles to the upper middle and lower 1/3 of oesophagus?

Answer 8

Upper: Striated
Middle: Striated and smooth
Lower: Smooth

Question 9

Arterial supply to upper middle and lower 1/3 of oesophagus

Answer 9

Upper: Inferior thyroid artery (from subclavian)
Middle: oesophageal arteries from aorta
Lower: Left gastric

Question 10

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

Answer 10

L and R hypochondriac 
L and R lumbar 
L and R Iliac 
Epigastric 
Umbilical 
Hpogastric

Question 11

At what level does the aorta bifurcate?

Answer 11

L4 (umbilicus)

Question 12

Where can you find the gallbladder?

Answer 12

Where the linea semilunaris intersects with the costal margin at 9th costal cartilage

Question 13

What occurs at the transpyloric plane (Addisons plane L1)?

Answer 13

9th costal cartilage 
L2 vertebral body 
Pylorus 
Fundus of gallbladder 
Neck of pancreas 
Root of transverse mesocolon 
Duodenojejunal flexure 
Origin of SMA 
Origin of portal vein 
Hila of kidneys 
End of spinal cord

Question 14

Where can you find teh appendix?

Answer 14

1/3 way beteen the ASIS and umbilicus on the right side (McBurneys point)

Question 15

What are the 5 parts and 3 features of the large intestine?

Answer 15

parts: cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal
features: tenia coli, haustra, omental appendages

Question 16

Where does the ascending colon start?

Answer 16

distal to the ileocecal junction

Question 17

What are the 6 branches of the SMA and what do they supply?

Answer 17

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal 
Jejunal (small intestine)
Iliac (Ileum)
Ileocolic (Junction)
Right colic (ascending colon)
Middle colic (transverse to splenic flexure)

Question 18

What are the three branches of the IMA and what do they supply?

Answer 18

Left colic (descending colon) 
Sigmoid (descending colon and sigmoid) 
Superior rectal (rectum)

Question 19

Where can you find the base of the appendix?

Answer 19

At McBurneys point which is located 1/3 the way between ASIS and the umbilicus

Question 20

What are the mucosal folds in the rectum, how are they different from the colon and what is their function?

Answer 20

Superior, middle and inferior valve of houston. They lack taeniae coli, omental appendices and haustra. They expand to form the rectal ampulla

Question 21

What is the blood supply to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?

Answer 21

Above: IMA
Below: Internal iliac artery

Question 22

What is the venous drainage to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?

Answer 22

Above: superior rectal - IMV - portal
Below: Inferior rectal - int. iliac - IVC

Question 23

What is the lymphatic drainage to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?

Answer 23

Above: Int. iliac
Below: Superior inguinal

Question 24

What is the nervous innervation to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?

Answer 24

Above: Visceral motor and sensory (no pain on incision)
Below: Somatic

Question 25

What is the mucosal lining to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?

Answer 25

Above: Columnar epithelium
Below: Squamous epithelium

Question 26

Where does the lesser omentum attach

Answer 26

From the lesser curvature to the stomach

Question 27

What is the course of the greater omentum?

Answer 27

From the greater curvature, in front of small intestines, reflects on itself to ascend to the transverse colon before attaching to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 28

What are the peritoneal ligaments and between which structures do they attach?

Answer 28

Falciform (liver to ant. abdo wall)
Hepatogastric (liver - stomach)
Hepatoduodenal (liver - duodenum)
Gastrosplenic (greater curvature - hilum of spleen)
Gastrocolic (greater curvature - transverse colon)
Gastrophrenic (stomach to diaphragm)

Question 29

What structures form the H on the posterior aspect of the liver?

Answer 29

Ligamentum venosum, IVC, Gall bladder and the portal vein

Question 30

What is the drainage of bile?

Answer 30

Biliary canaliculi - interlobular bile duct - R and L hepatic duct - Common hepatic duct - +cystic = common bile - + pancreatic = hepatopancreatic ampulla - sphincter of odi - greater duodenal papilla

Question 31

What nerve supplies the stomach, liver, intestin, adrenal gland and kidney?

Answer 31

Greater splanchnic (T5-9) - celiac ganglion

Question 32

What nerve supplies the distal small intestine, large intestine, ascending and transverse colon?

Answer 32

Lesser splanchnic (T9-T12) - superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 33

What nerve supplies the transverse colon, distal colon and rectum?

Answer 33

Lumbar splanchnic (T12-L2) - inferior mesenteric ganglion