Anatomy Flashcards
Name the different types of teeth and their order
Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, second premolar, first second and third molar
Where does the root canal open into?
Apical foramen
What are the types of papillae of the tongue and which contain tastebuds?
Filiform and Fungiform (contain tastebuds)
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what is their function
Genioglossus - protrudes tongue
Hyoglossus - Depress
Styloglossus - Retracts
Palatoglossus - Elevates
What are the types of salivary glands and what kind of saliva do they make?
Parotid: watery (serous)
Submandibular: 1:1 water and mucus
Sublingual: mucus
What are the muscles of teh pharynx?
- Superior, middle and inferior constrictors
2. Palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus (longitudinal)
What are the three constrictions of the oesophagus?
- Upper oesophageal sphincter (C6)
- Middle where it is crossed by L main bronchus
- Lower oesophageal sphincter
What are the muscles to the upper middle and lower 1/3 of oesophagus?
Upper: Striated
Middle: Striated and smooth
Lower: Smooth
Arterial supply to upper middle and lower 1/3 of oesophagus
Upper: Inferior thyroid artery (from subclavian)
Middle: oesophageal arteries from aorta
Lower: Left gastric
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
L and R hypochondriac L and R lumbar L and R Iliac Epigastric Umbilical Hpogastric
At what level does the aorta bifurcate?
L4 (umbilicus)
Where can you find the gallbladder?
Where the linea semilunaris intersects with the costal margin at 9th costal cartilage
What occurs at the transpyloric plane (Addisons plane L1)?
9th costal cartilage L2 vertebral body Pylorus Fundus of gallbladder Neck of pancreas Root of transverse mesocolon Duodenojejunal flexure Origin of SMA Origin of portal vein Hila of kidneys End of spinal cord
Where can you find teh appendix?
1/3 way beteen the ASIS and umbilicus on the right side (McBurneys point)
What are the 5 parts and 3 features of the large intestine?
parts: cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal
features: tenia coli, haustra, omental appendages
Where does the ascending colon start?
distal to the ileocecal junction
What are the 6 branches of the SMA and what do they supply?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal Jejunal (small intestine) Iliac (Ileum) Ileocolic (Junction) Right colic (ascending colon) Middle colic (transverse to splenic flexure)
What are the three branches of the IMA and what do they supply?
Left colic (descending colon) Sigmoid (descending colon and sigmoid) Superior rectal (rectum)
Where can you find the base of the appendix?
At McBurneys point which is located 1/3 the way between ASIS and the umbilicus
What are the mucosal folds in the rectum, how are they different from the colon and what is their function?
Superior, middle and inferior valve of houston. They lack taeniae coli, omental appendices and haustra. They expand to form the rectal ampulla
What is the blood supply to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?
Above: IMA
Below: Internal iliac artery
What is the venous drainage to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?
Above: superior rectal - IMV - portal
Below: Inferior rectal - int. iliac - IVC
What is the lymphatic drainage to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?
Above: Int. iliac
Below: Superior inguinal
What is the nervous innervation to the anal canal above and below the pectinate line?
Above: Visceral motor and sensory (no pain on incision)
Below: Somatic
