3.3 Control of body weight Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ghrelin and when is it high?

A

Made in the stomach - stimulates hunger

Highest during fasting and levels fall within 1h of food intake

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2
Q

What is Ghrelin and when is it high?

A

Made in the stomach - stimulates hunger

Highest during fasting and levels fall within 1h of food intake

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3
Q

What is cholecystokinin and when is it lowest?

A

Secreted by endocrine cells in the GIT in response to feeding
Lowest during fasting

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4
Q

What is GLP-1 and when is it low/high

A

product of pre-proglucagon in GI and CNS

lowest during fasting and increased by feeding

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5
Q

What is peptide YY and when is it high/low

A

Produced by gut endocrine cells

lowest during fasting and increased by feeding

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6
Q

What is Leptin

A

Hormone made by adipose cells that helps regulate body weight by inhibiting hunger - plasma levels correlate with the amount of adipose tissue mass

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7
Q

What are the pancreatic hormones of hunger and how do they work (3)

A

Amylin: may play a role in decreasing food intake in short term

Insulin: proportionate to the amount of adipose tissue. Insulin may reduce feeding by inhibiting the expression of NPY and enhance effects of CCK

Pancreatic polypeptide: May reduce appetitie and food intake in humans

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8
Q

What brain region is involve in homeostatic control of food intake?

A

The arcurate nucleus

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9
Q

What are the two groups of neurones in the arcuate nucleus and what is their role?

A

NPY and AgRP: stimulate food intake

POMC: oppose food intake

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10
Q

where do signals go from the arcuate nucleus and what do they release?

A

other hypothalamic regions such as the Paraventricular nucleus where TRH, CRH and oxytocin (hunger suppressing) and to the lateral hypothalamus where MCH and orexins are produced (hunger stimulating)

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11
Q

What is cholecystokinin and when is it lowest?

A

Secreted by endocrine cells in the GIT in response to feeding
Lowest during fasting

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12
Q

What is GLP-1 and when is it low/high

A

product of pre-proglucagon in GI and CNS

lowest during fasting and increased by feeding

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13
Q

What is peptide YY and when is it high/low

A

Produced by gut endocrine cells

lowest during fasting and increased by feeding

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14
Q

What is Leptin

A

Hormone made by adipose cells that helps regulate body weight by inhibiting hunger - plasma levels correlate with the amount of adipose tissue mass

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15
Q

What are the pancreatic hormones of hunger and how do they work (3)

A

Amylin: may play a role in decreasing food intake in short term

Insulin: proportionate to the amount of adipose tissue. Insulin may reduce feeding by inhibiting the expression of NPY and enhance effects of CCK

Pancreatic polypeptide: May reduce appetitie and food intake in humans

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16
Q

What brain region is involve in homeostatic control of food intake?

A

The arcurate nucleus

17
Q

What are the two groups of neurones in the arcuate nucleus and what is their role?

A

NPY and AgRP: stimulate food intake

POMC: oppose food intake

18
Q

where do signals go from the arcuate nucleus and what do they release?

A

other hypothalamic regions such as the Paraventricular nucleus where TRH, CRH and oxytocin (hunger suppressing) and to the lateral hypothalamus where MCH and orexins are produced (hunger stimulating)

19
Q

What are the short term (meal to meal) regulators of hunger?

A

Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, Amylin, PP, PYY

20
Q

What are the medium to long term regulators of hunger?

A

Leptin and Insulin

21
Q

What can overide the homeostatic system of hunger?

A

The Hedonic system - inputs from the cortex and reward pathways in the limbic system related to sight, taste, smell, emotion and social factors

22
Q

What is the order of priority of metabolising macronutrients?

A

Protein - CHO - Fat

23
Q

What does protein favourably influence?

A

Satiety, thermogenesis and body composition

Particularly during weight loss programs