6.3 Infant and Child nutrition Flashcards
What are the components of energy expenditure?
basal metabolic rate (60-70%)
Energy expenditure in physical activity (30-40%)
energy cost of growth
Define energy requirement
The amount of food of energy needed to balance energy expenditure, body composition and a level of necessary and desirable physical activity consistent with long term good health
Define total energy expenditure
Energy spent, on average, in a 24h period
Define basal metabolic rate
The minimal rate of energy expenditure compatible with life. Measured in standard conditions of rest, fasting, immobility, thermoneutrality and mental relaxation
What are the two components of growth energy?
That needed to build new tissue and the energy deposited in those tissues
What are the early determinants for obesity?
Low birth weight Prematurity Catch up growth Selective survival Genetic effect on LBW and survival Thrifty phenotype Later nutrition
Who is at the greatest risk of developing obesity?
Infants born preterm with rapid weight gain in the first few weeks have greater insulin resistance and evidence of endothelial dysfunction
What are the main social and psychological factors that lead to childhood malnourishment?
Fatty and inappropriate diets, poverty and disadvantage, chronic pain, apathy, depression
What are the main medical causes of malnourishment in children?
Disease related anorexia, maldigestion, malabsoprtion, increased energy needs, altered taste perception, poor ability to suck, swallow or chew, physical and mental disability
What are the hospital specific features of children being malnourished?
Missed meals during investigation and treatment, Wrong food for disability, poor feeding supervision, reduced absoprtion following surgery
What is the clinical presentation of malnourished children in under-developed countries?
Pot belly, muscle wasting, flaking skin with depigmentation, glossitis
