Anatomy 2nd midterm ( Changes in the Circulatory and Respiratory System at Birth) 3 Flashcards
name the derivatives of the aortic arch
1-disappears, maxillary artery a bit 2-disappears 3-left and right carotid arteries 4- left becomes aortic arch 5- disappears 6-right and left pulmonary artery
IN AN EMBRYO
1) Lungs are ______ and ________
2) Lungs are filled with _________
3) Lung volume too small to allow complete output of ___________ through lung circuit. (Another way of saying this: Back-pressure of lungs too great to allow much blood flow through lungs.)
1) small and collapsed.
2) amniotic fluid
3) right atrium
There is enough blood flow to allow _______ and ______, but not gas transfer.
No need for gas transfer in lungs while in utero.
1) growth and development
In a fetus , the pressure on the _______ side of the heart is higher because of the ______________.
1) right
2) back-push
the blood from the MoM’s left ventricle pumps to the branch of the ______________ to go for the baby.
internal illiac
the internal iliac branches into the ___________ that takes oxygenated blood to the uterus.
Umbilical artery
the Moms’s blood comes very close to the blood of the baby, BUT IT DOES NOT _____, it transfers the oxygenated blood to the __________ of the baby’s blood.
1) MIX
2) hemoglobin
In a fetus the _____________has the highest oxygenated levels.
UMBILICAL VEIN.
Ductus arteriouses is an _____________ located on the pulmonary trunk.
Arterial bypass
The DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS is a connection between the _____ aortic arch (Pulmonary Arch) on the LEFT side and the arch of the ______ (also on the left side).
1) sixth
2) aorta
The ____________ is a hole between the right and left atria, allowing blood to pass from the right side to the left and not ever get pumped to the lungs.
FORAMEN OVALE
Blood Cycle in a fetus
Umblical vein —-> Internal iliac ——-> _____ ——–> ______———> Left Atrium ——-> ________ —–> Aorta
1) IVC
2) RA
3) LV
the best blood goes to the ___________, from the coronary artery
Walls of the heart
The DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS allows blood to skip past the lungs and join up with the partially oxygenated blood that is being pumped out of the __________.
left ventricle
___________ is a hole between the right and left atrium, allowing blood to pass from the right side to the left
FORAMEN OVALE
spent blood from the fetus goes to the placenta that contacts mom’s uterine wall via the ____________
UMBILICAL ARTERY
the distal end of the internal iliac artery is the old connection of the UMBILICAL ARTERY which goes toward the ________
placenta
The Umbilical Artery usually remains on ONLY ONE SIDE, usually the _______ side.
left
Oxygenated blood returning to the fetus returns via the ____________ of the fetus, hooked up to the fetus’ ___________
This sets up the potential problem of it mixing in the right atrium with deoxygenated blood returning from the superior vena cava.
HOWEVER: Due to the angle of entry of the blood from the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava, their streams do not mix much
1) UMBILICAL VEIN
2) inferior vena cava
the blood returning to the fetal heart is __________ and ___________
1) partially oxygen
2) nutrient rich.
Blood richest in oxygen & nutrients goes to _______, head (brain), ______, and arms.
1) heart wall
2) neck
Somewhat more oxygen/nutrient depleted blood from superior vena cava – of course – enters right atrium, then right ventricle, then pulmonary artery.
MOST of the right ventricular blood exits via the left pulmonary arterial branch – then to the ____________
This means that it eventually mixes with somewhat richer blood in the descending aorta, but ONLY AFTER the aorta has delivered blood to head, neck, and arms.
1) DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
The _______ UMBILICAL VEIN eventually degenerates, leaving only the _____
1) right
2) left
what is DUCTUS VENOSUS?
another bypass to avoid the mix of oxygenated blood (from mom, umbilical vein) with deoxygenated blood in the liver.
the ductus venosus runs straight from the _________ , bypassing the liver, to the ___________.
1) portal vein
2) inferior vena cava
the liver filters blood, but as a fetus your blood is ______ and it does not need a ________.
1) pure
2) filter
__________ is a lack of adequate oxygen in arterial blood that would be caused if our bypasses do not close.
hypoxia
foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus MUST __________________________
CLOSE AT THE MOMENT OF BIRTH.
Interatrial Flap valve is inside the left atrium, when the pressure goes on the ________, it fuses
left atrium
At moment of first breath, a powerful _________ closes the ductus arteriosus.
VASOCONSTRICTION
When blood stops flowing in from placenta via umbilical vein, __________ closes off.
ductus venosus
Ductus venosus becomes _____________ in an adult
LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM
The umbilical vein become the __________ OF THE LIVER (also known as “ligamentum teres”).
ROUND LIGAMENT
ligamentum venosum and round ligament tie postnatal portal vein to ___________ and __________ dorsally.
1) navel ventrally
2) inferior vena cava
Ductus arteriosus become ____________ in an adult
ligamentum Arteriosus
Foramen Ovale becomes ____________ in an adult
FOSSA OVALIS.
If foramen remains open, inappropriate blood mixing takes place – “__________”
Blue Baby
FETAL HEMOGLOBIN can combine with oxygen even more easily than __________– so it can pick oxygen OFF of the adult hemoglobin.
( This special property is lost within a few days after birth )
ADULT HEMOGLOBIN
At approximately week 27-30, enzyme function in the fetal liver changes to promote storage of __________.
GLYCOGEN
This stores up glycogen as a food source in case of temporary starvation between birth and mother’s first ability to _________ for nursing.
produce milk
