Anatomy 2nd midterm ( Changes in the Circulatory and Respiratory System at Birth) 3

Question 1

name the derivatives of the aortic arch

Answer 1

1-disappears, maxillary artery a bit
2-disappears
3-left and right carotid arteries
4- left becomes aortic arch
5- disappears
6-right and left pulmonary artery

Question 2

IN AN EMBRYO

1) Lungs are ______ and ________
2) Lungs are filled with _________
3) Lung volume too small to allow complete output of ___________ through lung circuit. (Another way of saying this: Back-pressure of lungs too great to allow much blood flow through lungs.)

Answer 2

1) small and collapsed.
2) amniotic fluid
3) right atrium

Question 3

There is enough blood flow to allow _______ and ______, but not gas transfer.
No need for gas transfer in lungs while in utero.

Answer 3

1) growth and development

Question 4

In a fetus , the pressure on the _______ side of the heart is higher because of the ______________.

Answer 4

1) right

2) back-push

Question 5

the blood from the MoM’s left ventricle pumps to the branch of the ______________ to go for the baby.

Answer 5

internal illiac

Question 6

the internal iliac branches into the ___________ that takes oxygenated blood to the uterus.

Answer 6

Umbilical artery

Question 7

the Moms’s blood comes very close to the blood of the baby, BUT IT DOES NOT _____, it transfers the oxygenated blood to the __________ of the baby’s blood.

Answer 7

1) MIX

2) hemoglobin

Question 8

In a fetus the _____________has the highest oxygenated levels.

Answer 8

UMBILICAL VEIN.

Question 9

Ductus arteriouses is an _____________ located on the pulmonary trunk.

Answer 9

Arterial bypass

Question 10

The DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS is a connection between the _____ aortic arch (Pulmonary Arch) on the LEFT side and the arch of the ______ (also on the left side).

Answer 10

1) sixth

2) aorta

Question 11

The ____________ is a hole between the right and left atria, allowing blood to pass from the right side to the left and not ever get pumped to the lungs.

Answer 11

FORAMEN OVALE

Question 12

Blood Cycle in a fetus

Umblical vein —-> Internal iliac ——-> _____ ——–> ______———> Left Atrium ——-> ________ —–> Aorta

Answer 12

1) IVC
2) RA
3) LV

Question 13

the best blood goes to the ___________, from the coronary artery

Answer 13

Walls of the heart

Question 14

The DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS allows blood to skip past the lungs and join up with the partially oxygenated blood that is being pumped out of the __________.

Answer 14

left ventricle

Question 15

___________ is a hole between the right and left atrium, allowing blood to pass from the right side to the left

Answer 15

FORAMEN OVALE

Question 16

spent blood from the fetus goes to the placenta that contacts mom’s uterine wall via the ____________

Answer 16

UMBILICAL ARTERY

Question 17

the distal end of the internal iliac artery is the old connection of the UMBILICAL ARTERY which goes toward the ________

Answer 17

placenta

Question 18

The Umbilical Artery usually remains on ONLY ONE SIDE, usually the _______ side.

Answer 18

left

Question 19

Oxygenated blood returning to the fetus returns via the ____________ of the fetus, hooked up to the fetus’ ___________
This sets up the potential problem of it mixing in the right atrium with deoxygenated blood returning from the superior vena cava.
HOWEVER: Due to the angle of entry of the blood from the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava, their streams do not mix much

Answer 19

1) UMBILICAL VEIN

2) inferior vena cava

Question 20

the blood returning to the fetal heart is __________ and ___________

Answer 20

1) partially oxygen

2) nutrient rich.

Question 21

Blood richest in oxygen & nutrients goes to _______, head (brain), ______, and arms.

Answer 21

1) heart wall

2) neck

Question 22

Somewhat more oxygen/nutrient depleted blood from superior vena cava – of course – enters right atrium, then right ventricle, then pulmonary artery.

MOST of the right ventricular blood exits via the left pulmonary arterial branch – then to the ____________

This means that it eventually mixes with somewhat richer blood in the descending aorta, but ONLY AFTER the aorta has delivered blood to head, neck, and arms.

Answer 22

1) DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Question 23

The _______ UMBILICAL VEIN eventually degenerates, leaving only the _____

Answer 23

1) right

2) left

Question 24

what is DUCTUS VENOSUS?

Answer 24

another bypass to avoid the mix of oxygenated blood (from mom, umbilical vein) with deoxygenated blood in the liver.

Question 25

the ductus venosus runs straight from the _________ , bypassing the liver, to the ___________.

Answer 25

1) portal vein

2) inferior vena cava

Question 26

the liver filters blood, but as a fetus your blood is ______ and it does not need a ________.

Answer 26

1) pure

2) filter

Question 27

__________ is a lack of adequate oxygen in arterial blood that would be caused if our bypasses do not close.

Answer 27

hypoxia

Question 28

foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus MUST __________________________

Answer 28

CLOSE AT THE MOMENT OF BIRTH.

Question 29

Interatrial Flap valve is inside the left atrium, when the pressure goes on the ________, it fuses

Answer 29

left atrium

Question 30

At moment of first breath, a powerful _________ closes the ductus arteriosus.

Answer 30

VASOCONSTRICTION

Question 31

When blood stops flowing in from placenta via umbilical vein, __________ closes off.

Answer 31

ductus venosus

Question 32

Ductus venosus becomes _____________ in an adult

Answer 32

LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM

Question 33

The umbilical vein become the __________ OF THE LIVER (also known as “ligamentum teres”).

Answer 33

ROUND LIGAMENT

Question 34

ligamentum venosum and round ligament tie postnatal portal vein to ___________ and __________ dorsally.

Answer 34

1) navel ventrally

2) inferior vena cava

Question 35

Ductus arteriosus become ____________ in an adult

Answer 35

ligamentum Arteriosus

Question 36

Foramen Ovale becomes ____________ in an adult

Answer 36

FOSSA OVALIS.

Question 37

If foramen remains open, inappropriate blood mixing takes place – “__________”

Answer 37

Blue Baby

Question 38

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN can combine with oxygen even more easily than __________– so it can pick oxygen OFF of the adult hemoglobin.
( This special property is lost within a few days after birth )

Answer 38

ADULT HEMOGLOBIN

Question 39

At approximately week 27-30, enzyme function in the fetal liver changes to promote storage of __________.

Answer 39

GLYCOGEN

Question 40

This stores up glycogen as a food source in case of temporary starvation between birth and mother’s first ability to _________ for nursing.

Answer 40

produce milk