Anatomy Flashcards
The pelvis is formed by which 3 bones?
2 hip bones
One sacrum
A basin shaped ring of bone.
Pelvis
Formed by fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae
Sacrum
The sacrum joins the 2 hip bones by what joints?
Synovial joints/sacroiliac joints
Sacrum has 2 surfaces, anterior and posterior.
True
Or
False
True
Formed by fusion of 3 bones
Hip bone
What are the bones to fuse a hip bone?
Iliac
Pubic
Ischial
What are the two surfaces called for a hip bone?
Lateral and medial
A line or ridge that extends from:
- sacral promontory posteriorly
- around the lateral margin of the superior pelvic aperture
- top of the symphysis pubis anteriorly
Pelvic brim
What are the 3 parts of the pelvic brim?
- The promontory and anterior border of the ala of the sacrum
- Arcuate line of the ilium
- Pecten and crest of the pubis
The pelvis is divided into?
Major pelvis / false pelvis
Minor pelvis / true pelvis
Is the opening surrounded by the pelvic brim
Pelvic inlet
A pelvic inlet is also called?
Superior pelvic aperture
Is also called as the inferior pelvic aperture?
Pelvic outlet
What are the functions of a pelvis?
- Transmission of the weight from the axial skeleton to the lower limbs when standing and to the ischial tuberosities when sitting
- Provides attachments for the muscles that control lower limb
- Houses the terminal parts of the GIT and urinary tract and reproductive system.
A fribromuscular sheet that forms the pelvic floor?
Pelvic diaphragm
Extends from the pubic symphysis anteriorly to the ischial spine and coccyx posteriorly
Pelvic diaphragm
This closes the pelvic outlet
Pelvic diaphragm
Formed by then levator ani and coccygeus muscles and the fascia covering them
Pelvic diaphragm
What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?
- Supports the GUT anteriorly and the rectum and anus posteriorly
- Flexes the anorectal canal during defecation and helps the voluntary control of micturition
- Helps to direct the head of the fetus toward the birth canal at labour
Role of the male reproductive system?
- Produce male gametes (sperms)
- Deliver the gametes to the female reproductive system
- Secret sex hormones
Role of the female reproductive system?
- Produces female gametes (ova)
- Provide environment for fertilization, and protection of the developing embryo
- Secret sex hormones
What are the vital roles for sex hormones?
- Development of the reproductive organs
- Function of the reproductive organs
- Sexual behavior and derives
- Growth and development of other organs and tissues of the body
Ovaries are responsible for?
Production of gametes
Secretion of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Ovaries consist of?
Cortex
Medulla
It connect the uterine cavity ti the peritoneal cavity
Uterine tubes
Each fallopian tubes consists of ?
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
A hallow organ of gestation
Lies between the rectum and the urinary bladder
Uterus
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteverted antiflexed position
The uterus consists of?
Fundus
Body
Isthmus
Cervix
Thin walled tube 8-10cm long
Extends from the cervix to the vestibule
Partly closed by the hymen
Vagina
The vagina serves as ?
The excretory channel for the products of menstruation
And
The lower part of the birth canal
Female external genitalia consists of?
Mons pubis Labia majors Labia minora Vestibule of the vagine Clitoris
A fatty rounded area
Overlies the pubic symphysis
Covered by hair after puberty
Mons pubis
2 longitudinal folds of hair covered by fatty skin
Extends downward and backward from mons pubis
Female counterparts of the male scrotum
Labia majors
2 hairless folds of non fatty skin
Upper parts fuse to form the prepuce of the clitoris
Lower parts fuse to form the frenulum of the clitoris
Labia minora
The cleft or space between the two folds of the labia minora
Openings to the urethra and greater vestibular glands
Vestibule of the vagina
Homologous to the penis in the male
Has erectile tissue and enlarges when regorged with blood
Clitoris
Clitoris consists of?
2 crura
2 corpora cavernosa
A glans
Produced by the corpus luteum
Acts with estrogen to establish mens
Helps maintain pregnancy
Prepares for milk production
Progesterone
The source of progesterone during pregnancy?
Placenta
Menstrual cycle divided into 3 phases
Menstrual phase
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Detachment if the superficial functional layer of the thick endometrium from the uterine wall
Menstrual phase
Regeneration of functional layer
Formation of glands
Increase blood supply
Proliferative phase
Phase that increase endometrium blood supply
Increase endometrium glands size
Secretion if nutrients into the uterine cavity
Secretory phase
