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Anatomy 2 > Anatomy 2 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

formed from tissue fluid; originates in lymph capallaries; sluggardish

A

Lymph (spring like)

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2
Q

Lymph capillaries and lymph vessels

a. maintain proper tissue fluid balance
b. remove other waste products of the body
c. form body’s basic defense system (phagocytasis, antibodies)

A

Lymph capillaries and lymph vessels

a. maintain proper tissue fluid balance
b. remove other waste products of the body
c. form body’s basic defense system (phagocytasis, antibodies)

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3
Q

Lymphoid tissue

a. Tonsils: 
b. spleen: 
c. Thymus: 
d. Lymph nodes:
A

Lymphoid tissue

a. Tonsils: 
b. spleen: 
c. Thymus: 
d. Lymph nodes:
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4
Q

3 pairs of lymphoid tissue include adenoids which protects opening between mouth cavity property and oropharynx.

A

Tonsils:

a. Adenoids 
b. Tonsils
c. Haranginial
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5
Q

largest mass of lymphoid tissue in human body; helps liver recycle red blood cells

A

spleen:

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6
Q

filters for lymph strategically placed throughout body

A

Lymph nodes:

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6
Q

Lymph nodes:

    1. axillary: 
    2. cervical: 
    3. inguinal: 
    4. Mesenteric:
A

Lymph nodes:

 1. axillary: 
    2. cervical: 
    3. inguinal: 
    4. Mesenteric:
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6
Q

largest & most active during infancy; located at base of neck; influence lymphocytes coming out of person bone marrow to produce t-cells

A

Thymus:

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7
Q

located in neck region; lymph originated from head & neck ie: Hodgkins

A

cervical:

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8
Q

located in armpit region; filter lymph originated from upper extremities and chest region to detect malignancy & breast cancer

A

axillary:

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9
Q

intesting; filter lymph from intestional tract ie: small & large intestine

A

Mesenteric:

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10
Q

located in groin region; filter lymph originated from lower extremities; where bubonic plaque is present

A

inguinal:

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11
Q

cisterna chyli; formed by lymph; waxy milky substances formed by the union of digestive fats with lymph

A

Chyle:

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13
Q

Note: chyle begins flow in lacteals (30% of fat absorbed by small intestine go into lacteals) and end/stops in cisterna (enlarged lower portion of the largest` lymph duct in the body….)

Chyle | intestinal lymphatic vessels | mesentery lymph nodes | cisterna chyli-thoracic duct

A

Tissue fluid

  1. Capillaries (in small intestine/Lacteals/form chyle)
  2. Vessels
  3. Nodes
    4a. Rt Lymphatic Duct (rt head/neck/thorax/arm)
    4b. Thoracic largest 3/4 (1st in cisterna/chyle for lacteals)
  4. Blood
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14
Q

Tissue fluid

Substance which bathes and surrounds body’s cells

A

Thoracic Duct: largest; 3/4 of body; drains lower extremities, left head/neck/thorax/arm; (1st in cisterna/chyle for lacteals)

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15
Q

Blood General Characteristics

a. pH: 
b. Viscosity (thickness): 
c. Temperature:
A

Blood General Characteristics

a. pH: 
b. Viscosity (thickness): 
c. Temperature:
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16
Q

normal for blood 7.3-7.4

A

pH:

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17
Q

measure of resistant to flow of a liquid; human blood 4.5 - 5.5 more thicker than water

A

Viscosity (thickness):

18
Q

normal body 98.6 F or 37 C; blood 100.3 F; liver cools 1.5-2 degrees per hour

A

Temperature:

19
Q

Blood General Composition

a. Plasma (55%): 
b. Formed Elements (corpuscles) (45%):
A

Blood General Composition

a. Plasma (55%): 
b. Formed Elements (corpuscles) (45%):
20
Q

upper portion of centrifuged blood; liquid portion of non-clotted blood; clear in color

A

Plasma (55%):

21
Q

bottom portion of of centrifuged blood; red in color

A

Formed Elements (corpuscles) (45%):

22
Q

Components of Plasma

a. Water (92%)
b. Dissolve substances (8%) gives amber straw color
A

Dissolve substances (8%)

  1. Blood proteins
  2. Non-protein components
23
Q

Blood proteins

  a. Serum albumin
  b. Serum globulin
  c. Fibrinogen:
A

Blood proteins

  a. Serum albumin
  b. Serum globulin
  c. Fibrinogen:
24
Q

in clotting process aid in forming the fiberous net to stop bleeding to death

A

Fibrinogen:

25
Q

salts, nutrients, gases, hormones, clotting factors (factor 8), enzymes, antibodies

A

Non-protein components

26
Q

Types of Formed Elements (Corpuscles)

a. Erythrocytes (RBC's): 
b. Leukocytes (WBC's):
c. Thrombocytes (platelets)
A

Types of Formed Elements (Corpuscles)

a. Erythrocytes (RBC's): 
b. Leukocytes (WBC's):
c. Thrombocytes (platelets)
27
Q

most numerous corpuscles found in formed/portion of blood

A

Erythrocytes (RBC’s):

28
Q

biconcave discs; non-nucleated; 4.5 - 5 million per cu mm of blood; look like small granny glasses; crenation (shrinkage) and hemolysis (bursting); 120 day life span

A

Erythrocytes (RBC’s): Structure

29
Q

only purpose is carry hemoglobin (protein molecule to which oxygen initially attaches itself in the lungs)

A

Erythrocytes (RBC’s): Function

30
Q

least numerous corpuscles found in blood; 5000-9000 per cu mm of blood

A

Leukocytes (WBC’s):

a. Agranulocytes
b. Granulocytes

31
Q

absence/do not contain granules in protoplasm

A

Agranulocytes

a. Lymphocytes
b. Monocytes

32
Q

single large nucleus without granules inside them; responsible for production of all antibodies

A

Lymphocytes:

33
Q

single nucleus horse-shoe shape without granules inside them; responsible for getting rid of pus around scar tissue so it can form & harden

A

Monocytes:

34
Q

WBC’s which contain granules in their nucleus/protoplasm

A

Granulocytes:

a. Neutrophils
b. Eosinophils
c. Basophils

35
Q

in most humans it is the most numerous of WBCs; granules stain neither red or blue; 65% of WBCs

polymorphonuclear-several different shape nuclei; primary WBC that form phagocytosis (cell ingestion)

A

Neutrophils:

36
Q

granulocytes that stain red in laboratory settings

A

Eosinophils:

37
Q

least numerous of WBCs; stain granules with blue dye; aka bained cell; responsible for allergic reactions

A

Basophils:

38
Q

defense of the body against infection by diapedesis (WBCs squeezing thru pores of capillaries) and phagocytosis (cell ingestion-pacman game) when destroyed it forms puss

A

Leukocytes (WBC’s): Functions

39
Q

fragmented cells; 300,000 per cu mm; initiate/begin clotting process; normal coagulation time 3-5 minutes;
plasma (liquid portion nonclotted blood) vs. serum (liquid portion left over after clotted)

A

Thrombocytes (platelets) Structure

40
Q

to trigger & initiate clotting process

A

Thrombocytes (platelets) Function

41
Q

Clotting of blood

a. Substances in blood that promote clotting
b. Substances in blood that inhibit (prevent) clotting
A

Clotting of blood

a. Substances in blood that promote clotting
b. Substances in blood that inhibit (prevent) clotting
42
Q

Substances in blood that promote clotting

    (1) Thromboplastin (cephalin or thrombosinase)
    (2) Prothrombin
    (3) Calcium
    (4) Fibrinogen (boundaries latticework)
A

Substances in blood that inhibit (prevent) clotting

1) Antithrombin
(2) Antiprothrombin (heparin or blood thinner

43
Q

Functions of blood
a. Transport - oxygen, CO2, food, wastes, hormones
B. temperature regulation - normal 100.3
C. Control pH - normal 7.3 - 7.4
D. Control of water balance - can’t lose over half
E. defense against infection - by leukocytes

A

Functions of blood
a. Transport - oxygen, CO2, food, wastes, hormones
B. temperature regulation - normal 100.3
C. Control pH - normal 7.3-7.4
D. Control of water balance
E. defense against infection

Anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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