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Anatomy 2 > Anatomy 2 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

study of muscles; movement of & within the body

A

Myology:

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2
Q

3 Types of Muscle

a) cardiac - (heart) involuntary; slightly striated
b) visceral - (organs) smooth; single nucleus; involuntary;
c) skeletal - striated; multi-nucleated; voluntary

A

Skeletal Muscle
Approximately 500 skeletal muscles in the body

Total mass of skeletal muscle tissue accounts for about 45% of the body weight

Tendon: connective tissue structure that attaches muscle to bone or muscle to muscle.

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3
Q

broad flat tendon

A

aponeurosis

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4
Q

3 parts of skeletal muscle:

A

Body:
Origin:
Insertion:

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5
Q

bulky fleshy part of muscle which shortens and thickens during contraction

A

Body:

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6
Q

relatively fixed point of attachment of the muscle

A

Origin:

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7
Q

relatively movable point of attachment of the muscle

A

Insertion:

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8
Q
  1. Action: name for the particular type of action they produce upon contraction
A

a. flexion and extension:
b. abduction and adduction:
c. pronation and supination:
d. eversion and inversion:
e. constriction and dilation:
f. elevation and depression:
g. rotation:
h. circumduction:

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9
Q

muscle decreases the angle between 2 body parts

A

flexor

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10
Q

muscle increases the angle between 2 body parts

A

extensor

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11
Q

muscle action pulls a body part away from the median plane

A

abductor

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12
Q

muscle action pulls a body part toward the median plane

A

adductor

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13
Q

muscle turns the palm of the hand posteriorly (out of anatomical position)

A

pronator

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14
Q

turns the palm of the hand anteriorly (back into anatomical position)

A

supinator

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15
Q

implies a turning outward or inside out,

A

eversion

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16
Q

means to draw inward or outside in. The feet are initially positioned in an inverted position.

A

inversion

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17
Q

muscle, such as a sphincter muscle, narrows or binds a vessel, opening or passageway

A

constrictor

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18
Q

expands an organ, vessel, or orifice.

A

dilator

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19
Q

muscles raise a particular body part or organ,

A

elevator

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20
Q

muscle, be it of the tongue or otherwise, lowers a part

A

depressor

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21
Q

this muscle action has no antagonistic muscle action, but rather refers to the turning of a bone about its long axis, as when you shake your head no.

A

rotation:

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22
Q

movement by a 3rd base coach in baseball, as he waves in a runner from 2nd base to try and score a run.

movement such that the distal end of a bone describes a circle, and the shaft describes a cone.

A

circumduction:

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23
Q

Shape: name describe the shape of a muscle

A

a. deltoid: triangular b. platysma: flat
c. quadratus: four-sided d. vastus: large
e. trapezius: trapezoid f. rectus: straight
g. orbicularis, sphincter muscles: circular-shaped

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24
Q

deltoid:

A

triangular

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25
Q

platysma:

A

flat

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26
Q

quadratus:

A

four-sided

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27
Q

vastus:

A

large

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28
Q

trapezius:

A

trapezoid

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29
Q

rectus:

A

straight

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30
Q

orbicularis, sphincter muscles:

A

circular-shaped

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31
Q

Points of attachment: muscles named according to their points of origin and insertion

a. sternocleidomastoid: sternoclavicular articulation and mastoid process of the temporal bone
b. occipitofrontalis: occipital bone and frontal bone
A

a. sternocleidomastoid:

b. occipitofrontalis:

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32
Q

sternoclavicular articulation and mastoid process of the temporal bone

A

sternocleidomastoid:

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33
Q

occipital bone and frontal bone

A

occipitofrontalis:

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34
Q

Number of divisions:

biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)

A

Number of divisions:

biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)

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35
Q

Location:

A

Location:

a. intercostal: between the ribs
b. buccinator: facial cheeks
c. orbicularis oris: circular-shaped muscle of the mouth
d. orbicularis oculi: circular-shaped muscle of the eye
e. superficial vs. deep: the muscles of facial expression lie superficially in relationship to the muscles of mastication, which lie deep
f. brachii: muscles of the arm
g. femoris: muscles of the thigh
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36
Q

between the ribs

A

intercostal:

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37
Q

facial cheeks

A

buccinator:

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38
Q

circular-shaped muscle of the mouth

A

orbicularis oris:

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39
Q

circular-shaped muscle of the eye

A

orbicularis oculi:

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40
Q

the muscles of facial expression lie superficially in relationship to the muscles of mastication, which lie deep

A

superficial vs. deep:

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41
Q

muscles of the arm

A

brachii:

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42
Q

muscles of the thigh

A

femoris:

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43
Q

Direction of fibers:

A

a. external oblique:
b. internal oblique:
c. transversus abdominus:

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44
Q

the fibers of this muscle found in the ventral abdominal wall form a “V”

A

external oblique:

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45
Q

the fibers of this muscle, located just beneath the external oblique, form an inverted “V” (a teepee)

A

internal oblique:

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46
Q

innermost of the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall, its fibers go transversely (horizontally)

A

transversus abdominus:

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47
Q

Size: many times second part of the name of muscle tells you something about its size

A

a. pectoralis major (large), pectoralis minor (small)
b. gluteus maximus (large), gluteus medius (medium), gluteus minimus (small)
c. adductor magnus (large), adductor brevis (short, small)
d. gastroncnemius (calf muscles): large in terms of size
e. arrector pili muscles: cause goosebumps; small in terms of size

48
Q

major
maximus
magnus

A

Large muscle names

49
Q

minor
minimus
brevis (short)

A

Small muscle names

50
Q

medius

A

Medium muscle names

51
Q

(calf muscles): large in terms of size

A

gastroncnemius

52
Q

cause goosebumps; small in terms of size

A

arrector pili muscles:

53
Q

a. occipitofrontalis (epicranius) - galea aponeurotica

b. muscles of mastication (chewing and swallowing)

A

Muscles of the head

54
Q
  1. masseter
  2. temporalis
  3. lateral (external) pterygoid
  4. medial (internal) pterygoid
A

Head Muscles of mastication (chewing and swallowing)

55
Q
  1. platysma
  2. omohyoid
  3. sternocleidomastoid
A

Major muscles of the neck

56
Q

i. trapezius

ii. latissimus dorsi

A

Back muscles

57
Q

i. pectoralis major
ii. external intercostals
iii. internal intercostals

A

Major chest muscles

58
Q

i. Anterolateral wall
1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transversus abdominus
ii. Anteromedial wall
1. Rectus abdominus
iii. Posterior wall
1. Psoas major (iliopsoas)

A

muscles of the abdomen

59
Q

ii. Openings
1. Esophageal orifice
2. Aortic orifice
3. Inferior vena caval orifice

A

Diaphragm (phrenic muscle)

60
Q

i. Deltoid

ii. Teres major

A

Shoulder muscles

61
Q

i. Biceps brachii
ii. Coracobrachialis
iii. Brachialis
iv. Triceps brachii

A

Arm muscles (between shoulder and elbow)

62
Q

i. Ventral aspect (listed from medial to lateral)
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
2. Flexor digitorum superficialis
3. Flexor carpi radialis
ii. Dorsal aspect
1. Superficial: brachioradialis
2. Deep: ( aid in extension and supination of the hand)

A

Forearm muscles (between elbow and wrist)

63
Q

i. Gluteus maximus

A

Gluteal region

64
Q

i. Anterior femoral muscles
1. Sartorius
2. Quadriceps femoris
ii. Medial femoral muscles
1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor magnus
iii. Posterior femoral muscles (hamstring group)
1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus

A

Thigh muscles (located between the hip and knee)

  1. Quadriceps femoris
    a. Retus femoris
    b. Vastus lateralis
    c. Vastus medialis
    d. Vastus intermedius
65
Q

i. Anterior muscles: tibialis anterior
ii. Posterior muscles (calcaneal tendon common to both muscles herein listed)
1. Gastrocnemius
2. soleus

A

Leg muscles (located between the knee and ankle)

66
Q

broad flat tendon that attaches the frontalis & occipitalis muscles; elevate elbrow & draw/pull scalp backwards; point of attachment

A

occipitofrontalis (epicranius) – galea aponeurotica:

67
Q

chewer’s muscle; close mandible & clinch teeth

A

masseter:

68
Q

shell or fan shape muscle located on squamous portion of temporal bone; close & protrude mandible; location

A

temporalis:

69
Q

strap like muscle located on side of jaw; open jaw & move mandible side to side

A

lateral (external) pterygoid:

medial (internal) pterygoid:

70
Q

extremely thin & flat muscle of the neck; depress mandible & wrinkle skin of neck; shape

A

Platysma:

71
Q

muscle between shoulder & hyoid bone; depress & lower hyoid; point of attachment

A

Omohyoid:

72
Q

rotate the head as in shaking it for no; forms lateral boundary for anterior triangle; serves as anatomical guide to raise common carotid artery & internal jugular vein; point of attachment

A

Sternocleidomastoid:

73
Q

shrug/elevate shoulders; shape

A

trapezius:

74
Q

flat muscle of lower back

A

latissimus dorsi:

75
Q

large muscle of upper chest region; draw upper extremities medially/together

A

pectoralis major:

76
Q

muscle inside ribs; draw ribs together/medially

A

external intercostals:

internal intercostals:

77
Q

the fibers of this muscle found in the ventral abdominal wall form a “V”; twist the abdomen wall

A

External oblique:

78
Q

the fibers of this muscle, located just beneath the external oblique, form an inverted “V” (a teepee); twist the abdomen wall

A

Internal oblique:

79
Q

innermost of the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall, its fibers go transversely (horizontally); twist the abdomen wall

A

Transversus abdominus:

80
Q

major muscle used when performing situps

A

Rectus abdominus:

81
Q

used as anatomical guide to raise external iliac artery in autopsy case

A

Psoas major (iliopsoas):

82
Q

Function: major muscle of breathing/inhalation

A

Diaphragm (phrenic muscle)

83
Q

Diaphragm Openings

  1. Esophageal orifice: opening in diaphragm where esophagus passes
  2. Aortic orifice: opening in diaphragm where aorta (largest artery) passes
  3. Inferior vena caval orifice: opening in diaphragm where inferior vena caval (largest vein) passes
A

Diaphragm Openings

  1. Esophageal orifice: opening in diaphragm where esophagus passes
  2. Aortic orifice: opening in diaphragm where aorta (largest artery) passes
  3. Inferior vena caval orifice: opening in diaphragm where inferior vena caval (largest vein) passes
84
Q

opening in diaphragm where esophagus passes

A

Esophageal orifice:

85
Q

opening in diaphragm where aorta (largest artery) passes

A

Aortic orifice:

86
Q

opening in diaphragm where inferior vena caval (largest vein) passes

A

Inferior vena caval orifice:

87
Q

gives roundness & fullness of shoulder;
abduct the arm
most common injection point;

A

Deltoid (shape):

88
Q

largest muscle of shoulder;

adduct & immediately rotate the arm;

A

Teres major (size):

the tendon of teres major muscle is used as an anatomical limit which separate axillary artery and brachial artery

89
Q

(guns) anatomical guide for raising brachial artery; flex the arm & forearm

A

Biceps brachii (number location):

90
Q

anatomical guide for raising axillary artery; flex the arm & forearm

A

Coracobrachialis (location):

91
Q

lye deep to biceps brachii; flex the arm & forearm

A

Brachialis:

92
Q

only posterial muscle of arm; extend the arm & forearm

A

Triceps brachii:

93
Q

most medial ventral muscle formed; flex & pronate the hand; anatomical guide for raising ulnar artery

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris:

94
Q

most prominent central tendon seen at middle of wrist; flex & pronate the hand; anatomical guide for raising ulnar artery

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis:

95
Q

most lateral ventral muscle formed; flex & pronate the hand; anatomical guide for raising ulnar artery

A

Flexor carpi radialis:

96
Q

**

Ulnar artery lies “?” to tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

A

lateral

97
Q

**

Ulnar artery lies “?” to tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

medial

98
Q

**

Ulnar artery lies “?” tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris & flexor digitorum superficialis

A

midway/between

99
Q

**

radial artery lies “?” to tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle at wrist

A

lateral

100
Q

Known as Popeye muscle

aid in extension and supination of the hand

A

Brachioradialis (Superficial):

101
Q

(you don’t need to know any of them by name; simply remember that as a group, they aid in extension and supination of the hand)

A

Deep Dorsal Forearm Muscles:

102
Q

largest muscle of gluteal region;
favorite site of needle injection;
abduct & extend the thigh

A

Gluteus maximus (location size):

103
Q

(tailor muscle) longest muscle of body;
lateral boundary of femoral triangle;
major muscle used when crossing legs

A

Sartorius:

104
Q

muscles that come together in tendon surrounding patella/knee cap

A

Quadriceps femoris (number location):

105
Q

most superficial, straight muscle of thigh; extend leg as in kicking football

A

Retus femoris (shape location):

106
Q

most largest lateral head of quadriceps femoris;

extend leg as in kicking football

A

Vastus lateralis (shape):

107
Q

most medial head of quadriceps femoris;

extend leg as in kicking football

A

Vastus medialis (shape):

108
Q

large muscle located between vastus lateralis & vastus medialis;
extend leg as in kicking football

A

Vastus intermedius (shape):

109
Q

longest adductor muscle; bring leg to medial plane;
medial boundary of femoral triangle;
keep you on horse & hurts after you get off horse

A

Adductor longus (action size):

110
Q

largest of adductor muscle & largest of medial thigh muscle;
keep you on horse & hurts after you get off horse

A

Adductor magnus (action size):

111
Q

opening of adductor magnus muscle ;

boundary line between femoral blood vessels & popliteal blood vessels

A

?

112
Q

most lateral of posterior thigh muscle; flex the leg

A

Biceps femoris (number location):

113
Q

the tendon that stands out the most when tense;

flex the leg

A

Semitendinosus:

114
Q

most medial posterior muscle of thigh;

flex the leg

A

Semimembranosus:

115
Q

only anterior muscle of leg; for walking on the balls/heals of feet (dorsiflexion)

A

tibialis anterior (location):

116
Q

calf muscle; toe dancer muscle; walking on tiptoe (plantarflexion)

A

Gastrocnemius (size):

calcaneal tendon common to both muscles herein listed-attach to heal bones

117
Q

walking on tiptoe (plantarflexion)

A

Soleus:

calcaneal tendon common to both muscles herein listed-attach to heal bones

Anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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