Anatomy 2 Flashcards by Justina Michaels

Divisions of the spine

-4 segments of spinal cord nerves:
-cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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What portion of the spine is for arm control?

Cervical

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What portion of the spine is for leg control?

Lumbar

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Descending spinal pathways

Need to know?

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Lobes of the brain

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Insula

Typically hidden by temporal lobe and only seen when Sylvian fissure is pulled apart

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Cerebellum

Heavily folded region that is caudal to the cerebral cortex and dorsal to the brainstem

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The cerebellum is ___ to the cerebral cortex

Caudal

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The cerebellum is ___ to the brainstem

Dorsal

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Pons

Caudal to the midbrain

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Medulla

Caudal to the pons
Connected to the spinal cord

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The brainstem is composed of the ___, ___, and ___

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

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Sulci and gyri

● Sulci (grooves or ditches in brain) vs. gyri
(outpouching in brain) → maximize
brain’s surface area
● The central sulcus separates the frontal
lobe (rostral to the central sulcus) and
parietal lobe (caudal to the central
sulcus)
○ Precentral gyrus is immediately rostral to the
central sulcus
○ Postcentral gyrus is immediately caudal to the
central sulcus

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Lateral/Sylvian fissure

Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

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Superior temporal gyrus

Superior part of temporal lobe and borders Sylvian fissure

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Brodmann Areas

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Sequence of CSF flow

Starts out in lateral ventricles → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct (between tectum and tegmentum of midbrain) → 4th ventricle (pons and medulla)

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Any blockage to CSF flow can cause ___

Hydrocephalus

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What is the small fluid-filled chamber in the center of the spine?

Spinal/central canal

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Midsagittal gross structure

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Name this structure

Cingulate gyrus

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Name this structure

Optic chiasm

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Name this structure

Pons

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Name this structure

Medulla

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Name this structure

Cerebellum

Name this structure

Temporal lobe

Name this structure

Corpus collosum

Midsagittal medial temporal lobe structures

Midsagittal ventricles

Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum (most rostral coronal section)

Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum (second most rostral, moving causally, past the central sulcus)

Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum - basal ganglia (3rd most rostral)

The basal ganglia are composed of ___ structures

What are the structures of the basal ganglia

- Caudate - Putamen - Globus pallidus

Striatum

Caudate and putamen (of the basal ganglia) are collectively called the striatum

Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Hippocampus & amygdala

Transverse view - hippocampus and amygdala

Brainstem?

Medulla - common themes

Brain scanning

Name this structure

Lateral column

Name this structure

Ventral horn

Name this structure

Ventral column

Name this structure

Dorsal horn

Name this structure

Dorsal columns

Name this structure

Spinal canal

Name this structure

Lateral horn

Name this structure

Dorsal root filaments

Name this structure

Dorsal root

Name this structure

Dorsal root ganglion

Name this structure

Spinal nerve

Name this structure

Ventral root

Name this structure

Ventral root filaments

Name this structure

Spinal pia mater

Name this structure

Subarachnoid space

Name this structure

Spinal arachnoid

Name this structure

Spinal dura mater

The cerebrum is ___ to the midbrain

Rostral

The midbrain is ___ to the pons

Rostral

The medulla is ___ to the pons

Caudal

The pons is ___ to the midbrain

Caudal

The pons is ___ to the medulla

Rostral

The spinal cord is ___ to the medulla

Caudal

The cerebellum is ___ to the pons and medulla

Dorsal

Tectum and tegmentum are the floor and roof of the ___

Midbrain

Name these structures

Sagittal section with labels

Coronal section with labels

Location of caudate (how to recognize)

Lateral to the lateral ventricles

The internal capsule is composed of ___

White matter

Location of thalamus (how to recognize)

Lateral to 3rd ventricle

The ventral horns of the human spinal cord contain neurons that are mostly ___

Motor

Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN

Cerebral aqueduct

Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN

Substantia nigra

Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN

Tectum

Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN

Tegmentum

Is the tectum or tegmentum more rostral?

Tectum (roof)

The dorsal part of the spine carries ___ information

Sensory

The ventral part of the spine carries ___ information

Motor (Vm)

Which structure is more caudal: pons or thalamus?

Pons

Damage to the rostral hindbrain during development affects development of the ___

Cerebellum

Which of the following structures is more medial and more caudal to the substantial nigra? a) third ventricle b) cerebral peduncles c) spinal canal

c) Spinal canal

Which of the following structures lies dorsal to the thalamus? a) the amygdala b) the corpus callosum c) the globus pallidus d) the tegmentum

b) Corpus callosum

The four little hills located in the tectum are called the ___

Colliculi

Saggital cut labelled

Name this structure

Pituitary

Name this structure

Amygdala

Name this structure

Hippocampus

Name this structure

Thalamus

Name this structure

Hypothalamus

All of the following are true about the medullary pyramids EXCEPT a) they are ventral to the dorsal column nuclei b) they contain axons of the corticospinal tract c) they carry sensory information d) they contain oligodendroglia

c) they carry sensory information Ventral side, motor, part of corticospinal tract

Which is more caudal: medulla or cerebellum

Medulla

The msot ventral structure in the medulla is the a) inferior olive b) medullary pyramids c) fourth ventricle b) dorsal column

Which is more rostral: amygdala or hippocampus?

Amygdala

Does the hippocampus border the lateral ventricles?

Yes