Anatomy 2 Flashcards
Divisions of the spine
-4 segments of spinal cord nerves:
-cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
What portion of the spine is for arm control?
Cervical
What portion of the spine is for leg control?
Lumbar
Descending spinal pathways
Need to know?
Lobes of the brain
Insula
Typically hidden by temporal lobe and only seen when Sylvian fissure is pulled apart
Cerebellum
Heavily folded region that is caudal to the cerebral cortex and dorsal to the brainstem
The cerebellum is ___ to the cerebral cortex
Caudal
The cerebellum is ___ to the brainstem
Dorsal
Pons
Caudal to the midbrain
Medulla
- Caudal to the pons
- Connected to the spinal cord
The brainstem is composed of the ___, ___, and ___
Midbrain, pons, and medulla
Sulci and gyri
● Sulci (grooves or ditches in brain) vs. gyri
(outpouching in brain) → maximize
brain’s surface area
● The central sulcus separates the frontal
lobe (rostral to the central sulcus) and
parietal lobe (caudal to the central
sulcus)
○ Precentral gyrus is immediately rostral to the
central sulcus
○ Postcentral gyrus is immediately caudal to the
central sulcus
Lateral/Sylvian fissure
Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
Superior temporal gyrus
Superior part of temporal lobe and borders Sylvian fissure
Brodmann Areas
Sequence of CSF flow
Starts out in lateral ventricles → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct (between tectum and tegmentum of midbrain) → 4th ventricle (pons and medulla)
Any blockage to CSF flow can cause ___
Hydrocephalus
What is the small fluid-filled chamber in the center of the spine?
Spinal/central canal
Midsagittal gross structure
Name this structure
Cingulate gyrus
Name this structure
Optic chiasm
Name this structure
Pons
Name this structure
Medulla
Name this structure
Cerebellum
Name this structure
Temporal lobe
Name this structure
Corpus collosum
Midsagittal medial temporal lobe structures
Midsagittal ventricles
Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum (most rostral coronal section)
Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum (second most rostral, moving causally, past the central sulcus)
Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum - basal ganglia (3rd most rostral)
The basal ganglia are composed of ___ structures
3
What are the structures of the basal ganglia
- Caudate
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
Striatum
Caudate and putamen (of the basal ganglia) are collectively called the striatum
Name the structures of the transverse cerebrum
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Hippocampus & amygdala
Transverse view - hippocampus and amygdala
Brainstem?
Medulla - common themes
Brain scanning
Name this structure
Lateral column
Name this structure
Ventral horn
Name this structure
Ventral column
Name this structure
Dorsal horn
Name this structure
Dorsal columns
Name this structure
Spinal canal
Name this structure
Lateral horn
Name this structure
Dorsal root filaments
Name this structure
Dorsal root
Name this structure
Dorsal root ganglion
Name this structure
Spinal nerve
Name this structure
Ventral root
Name this structure
Ventral root filaments
Name this structure
Spinal pia mater
Name this structure
Subarachnoid space
Name this structure
Spinal arachnoid
Name this structure
Spinal dura mater
The cerebrum is ___ to the midbrain
Rostral
The midbrain is ___ to the pons
Rostral
The medulla is ___ to the pons
Caudal
The pons is ___ to the midbrain
Caudal
The pons is ___ to the medulla
Rostral
The spinal cord is ___ to the medulla
Caudal
The cerebellum is ___ to the pons and medulla
Dorsal
Tectum and tegmentum are the floor and roof of the ___
Midbrain
Name these structures
Sagittal section with labels
Coronal section with labels
Location of caudate (how to recognize)
Lateral to the lateral ventricles
The internal capsule is composed of ___
White matter
Location of thalamus (how to recognize)
Lateral to 3rd ventricle
The ventral horns of the human spinal cord contain neurons that are mostly ___
Motor
Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN
Cerebral aqueduct
Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN
Substantia nigra
Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN
Tectum
Name this structure of the MIDBRAIN
Tegmentum
Is the tectum or tegmentum more rostral?
Tectum (roof)
The dorsal part of the spine carries ___ information
Sensory
The ventral part of the spine carries ___ information
Motor (Vm)
Which structure is more caudal: pons or thalamus?
Pons
Damage to the rostral hindbrain during development affects development of the ___
Cerebellum
Which of the following structures is more medial and more caudal to the substantial nigra?
a) third ventricle
b) cerebral peduncles
c) spinal canal
c) Spinal canal
Which of the following structures lies dorsal to the thalamus?
a) the amygdala
b) the corpus callosum
c) the globus pallidus
d) the tegmentum
b) Corpus callosum
The four little hills located in the tectum are called the ___
Colliculi
Saggital cut labelled
Name this structure
Pituitary
Name this structure
Amygdala
Name this structure
Hippocampus
Name this structure
Thalamus
Name this structure
Hypothalamus
All of the following are true about the medullary pyramids EXCEPT
a) they are ventral to the dorsal column nuclei
b) they contain axons of the corticospinal tract
c) they carry sensory information
d) they contain oligodendroglia
c) they carry sensory information
Ventral side, motor, part of corticospinal tract
Which is more caudal: medulla or cerebellum
Medulla
The msot ventral structure in the medulla is the
a) inferior olive
b) medullary pyramids
c) fourth ventricle
b) dorsal column
Which is more rostral: amygdala or hippocampus?
Amygdala
Does the hippocampus border the lateral ventricles?
Yes
