Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FRCOphth > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Percentage of population that have a cilioretinal artery supplying the eye

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the effect of the cilioretinal artery

A

allows blood supply of the eye when there is a CRAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Location of eye the cilioretinal artery

A

between macula and OD from a posterior ciliary artery source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the cilioretinal artery supply

A

foveal photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what percentage of people have the ophthalmic BELOW the optic nerve?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what percentage of people have the ophthalmic medially ABOVE the optic nerve?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What form the circle of Zinn

A

where the short ciliary nerves penetrate the globe around ON to form the arterial circle of Zinn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Short ciliary nerve supplies ?

A

The Optic Head nerve and the choroid up to the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the thinnest Cranial nerve ?

A

Trochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Trochlear nerve exits the skull ?

A

SOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SOF is located ?

A

between the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trigeminal V2 nerve exits the skull ?

A

Forman rotundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trigeminal V3 nerve exits the skull ?

A

Foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contents of the foramen ovale?

A

O- Optic ganglion
V - V3 of the trigmenial nerve
A -
L- lesser petrosal
E - Emissary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic division V1

A

Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood supply of the optic nerve ?

A

Optic nerve head - short ciliary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IOF is located

A

lies between greater wing of sphenoid and maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medial wall of the orbital ?

A

SMEL
The medial orbital wall comprises four bones (anterior to
posterior):
● the frontal process of the maxilla
● lacrimal
● ethmoid
● lesser wing of sphenoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Floor of the orbital ?

A

MY ZIPPED PANTS are on the floor
- orbital plate of maxillary bone
- small orbital process of palatine bone
- orbital surface of zygomatic bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lateral wall of the orbital ?

A

Zara is a great wing woman
Zygomatic
Greater wing of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Roof of the orbital ?

A

FRONT - LESS
● the orbital plate of the frontal bone
● the lesser wing of sphenoid bone (posterioly).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Foramen that the internal carotid enters the Skull ?

A

Foramen Lacerum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Veins that drain INTO the cavernous sinus ?

A

Superior and inferior orbital veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Veins that drain OUT of the cavernous sinus

A
  1. Superior and inferior petrosal –> internal jugular
  2. Emissary vein –> Pytergoid plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inferior optic radiations are responsible for what Visual Field

A

Meyers loop
Superior visual field - pass through the temporal bone and terminate the visual cortex inferior to the calcarine sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Borders of the cavernous sinus ?

A

Anterior - pituarity gland
Posterior - apex of petrosal part of the temporal bone
Medially - pituraity fossa
Roof - Pituarity gland
Floor - sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Superior optic radiations

A

Inferior visual field - pass through the Parietal bone and terminate the visual cortex superior to the calcarine sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Visual cortex area responsible is at the cortex level

A

17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

optic nerve fibre layers of the retina that are responsible for the temporal retina ?

A

ipsilateral 2,3,5 -
T for Temporal, T- for team 5 a side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

optic nerve fibre layers of the retina that are responsible for the nasal retina ?

A

contralateral 1,4,6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lesion anterior to the Willebrand’s Knee?

A

Superior quandrantopia in the contralateral eye and ipsilateral junctional scotoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lesion at the retina ?

A

Scotoma of the ipsilateral eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Lesion at the lateral chiasm?

A

Ipsilateral hemianopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Lesion at the visual cortex - occlusion at the calcarine artery po the posterior cerebral artery

A

bilateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

EOM which is the shortest to longest ?

A

MR 5.5
IR 6.5
LR 6.9
SR 7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

EOM tendon length shortest to longest ?

A

MR
IR
SR
LR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Day 26 the which EOM develop?

A

SR, MR, IR and IO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Day 27 which EOM develop?

A

LR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Day 28 which EOM develops ?

A

SO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Each rectus muscle receives blood supply from 2 ciliary arteries except?

A

Lateral rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

First nerve to suffer compression in the cavernous sinus ?

A

6th cranial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Circle of zinn is incomplete in what percentage of people ?

A

23%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Nasociliary artery branches into the

A

Ethomidal anterior
Ethmoidal posterior
Infratrochlear

44
Q

Longest unprotected nerve ?

A

Trochlear

45
Q

Only nerve to exit the brainstem dorsally ?

A

Trochlear

46
Q

Smallest cranial nerve in terms of axons?

A

Trochlear

47
Q

Orientation of the lateral rectus to the IC in the cavernous sinus ?

A

Lateral

48
Q

Oculomotor functions ?
Motor - somatic and visceral
Sensory

A

Somatic -
Contralateral innervation of SR
Ipsilateral of IO, IR, MR
Visceral - pupillary light reflex
bilateral levator superioris
Snesory

49
Q

What nerve fibres pass anteriorly in the optic chiasm ?

A

inferonasal

50
Q

The Roof of the posterior fossa

.

A

Tentorium cerebelli

51
Q

The contents of the posterior fossa

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongota

52
Q

Anterior border of the posterior fossa

A

Superior border of petrous temporal bone and dorsum sellae
The cerebellum lies in the cerebellar fossa, in the squamous part of occipital bone.

53
Q

Cornea: Thickness, organisation of layers, amount of cells, function

A
  1. Thickness 4-6um
  2. It is a monolayer of interdigitating hexagonal cells joined by tight junctions
  3. At birth: 1 million cells with approximately 3800 endothelial cells/mm2; these cells are loss with ageing. Cornea endothelium do not regenerate but rather stretch to fill gaps left by cell loss
  4. Function of the cornea endothelium is to keep cornea dehydrated and clear. If cell count < 500cells/mm2, pump action will be insufficient and this could lead to corneal oedema
54
Q

Schwalbe’s line

A

Schwalbe’s line is the termination of the Descemet’s membrane and delineates the outer limit of the cornea endothelium -it is a structure that can be seen usually only on gonioscopy

55
Q

Posterior embryotoxon

A

Posterior embryotoxon is the thickening and anterior displacement of the Schwalbe’s line

56
Q

6) The lacrimal sac measures 12-15mm.

A

12-15

57
Q

The nasolacrimal duct measures

A

12-18

58
Q

Location of the Hasner valver?

A

At inferior meatus - congenital lacrimation irritation

59
Q

Length of the vertical part of caniculi

A

2mm

60
Q

Location of Rosenmuller valve?

A

Mucosal tissue fold, prevents reflux into the nasolacrimal sac

61
Q

length of the horizontal part of caniculi

A

10mm

62
Q

A critical gene in the development of surface ectoderm?

A

PAX6 is a critical gene in the development of surface ectoderm.

63
Q

Lipid layer diameter

A

0.1 um

64
Q

Mucin layer diameter

A

0.2-0..5um

65
Q

Layers 1, 2 of the lateral geniculate represent what pathway and what are they useful for ?

A

represent magnocellular pathway, concerned with detection of movement

66
Q

Layers 3-6 of the lateral geniculate represent what pathway and what are they useful for

A

represent parvocellular pathway, concerned with colour vision and visual acuity

67
Q

Sherrington’s law

A

Sherrington’s law of reciprocal innervation states that the contraction of an extraocular muscle occurs together with the relaxation of the ipsilateral antagonist muscle.

68
Q

Hering’s law

A

Hering’s law of equal innervation states that there are equal contractions of the contralateral ( in the fellow eye) yoke muscles.

69
Q

The nuclei of the Trigeminal nerve are located ?

A

Main sensory
sensory
Mesencephalic
Motor

70
Q

The nuclei of the Oculomotor nerve located?

A

In the superior colliculus of the midbrain and runs between the poster cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery to the cavernous sinus.

71
Q

The nuclei of the Trochlear nerve located?

A

In the inferior colliculus, in the anterior part of the grey matter surrounding the midbrain

71
Q

The nuclei of the abducens nerve located?

A

At the pontomedullary junction, lies in the subarachnoid space, crosses over the petrosal part of the temporal bone through an osteofibrous canal called Dorello’s canal. It runs in the cavernous sinus lateral to the internal carotid

72
Q

Relationship between the trochlear and oculomotor nerve?

A

Enters the cavernous sinus inferior posterior to the oculomotor nerve and exits the sinus above the oculomotor nerve

73
Q

Trochlear innervates the superior oblique / contralaterally or ipsilaterally

A

Contralaterally

74
Q

What blood vessels supplies the prefrontal cortex?

A

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplies the premotor frontal cortex which initiates saccades

75
Q

Where are the FEF located ?

A

visual cortex 8

76
Q

Supranuclear pathway

A
77
Q

infranuclear pathway

A
78
Q

Dolls head manoeuvre?

A

Relies of the vestibular-ochlear pathway - eyes move with passive movement of the head. This means that the infranuclear pathway is intact and the problem must be supranuclear

79
Q

Blood supply of the lateral rectus ?

A

Lacrimal artery

80
Q

Where does the IO orginate

A
81
Q

Where does the SO orginate

A

the periosteum of the sphenoid bone above and medial to the optic canal, inserts into sclera posteriorly and superiorly under the superior rectus behind the equator

82
Q

isolate the SO at how many degrees ?

A

54

83
Q

Isolate the recti at

A

23

84
Q

Rectus muscle wit the largest arc is

A

Lateral Rectus with 12 mm

85
Q

Smallest to largest tendon ?

A

MR () – IR () – LR () – SR ()

86
Q

Thinnest EOM ?

A

Is the LR at 9.2mm

87
Q

Smallest to largest distance from limbus ?

A

MR (5.5) – IR (6.5) – LR (6.9) – SR (7.7)

88
Q

isolate the IO at how many degrees ?

A

51 degress

89
Q

superiors
Inferior
Recti
Obliques

A

superiors - intort
Inferior - extort
Recti - adduct
Obliques - abduct

90
Q

at its origin what position is the ophthalmic artery to optic nerve

A

As it lies inferolateral to optic nerve

91
Q

The overall precentral corneal tear film thickness is probably around

A

4-5um

92
Q

Distance from Ora Serrata to the Schwalbe line?

A

Distance from Schwalbe line:
5.75mm nasally; 6.50mm temporally
This distance is greater in myopia compared to hypertropia
diameter of eye 20mm circumference 63mm at ora serrata compared to 24mm and 75mm respectively at the equator

93
Q

what are the 4 remnants of the hyaloid artery?

A

1) Mittendorf’s Dot
Glial remnant posterior to the lens

2) Bergmeister’s papilla
Glial remnant anterior the optic disc

3) Persistent hyaloid artery
Vascular remnant from the optic disc

4) Persistent fetal vasculature
Vascular remnant and retrolental mass

94
Q

Mittendorf dot ? My pretty lady

A

glial remnant posterior to the lens

95
Q

Bergemister Papilla

A

glial remanent anterior to the optic disc

96
Q

Persistent hyaloid artery

A

vascular remanent from the optic disc

97
Q

Persistent fetal vasculature

A

Vascular remanent and retrolental mass

98
Q

Where does the medial canthal ligment lie in relation to the nasolacrimal duct ?

A

The medial canthal tendon/medial palpebral ligament are anterior to lacrimal sac.

99
Q

Where is the angular vein in relation to the medial canthys

A

The angular vein is 8mm medial to medial canthus.

100
Q

The relationship between the ethmoidal sinus and lacrimal sac ?

A

The ethmoidal sinus is medial to the lacrimal sac.

101
Q

Which of the following muscle inserts most posterior to the limbus?

A

Superior Oblique

102
Q

Which of the following is the rough size of the lacrimal gland?

A

20mm long and 12 mm wide

103
Q

Which EOM muscles will lead to pain in optic neuritis

A

The superior rectus, medial rectus share a connective tissue sheath with the optic nerve
hence pain with retrobulbar optic neuritis

104
Q
A

FRCOphth (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions