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Pharmacology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the paired cranial bones?

A

Parietal and temporal

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2
Q

There are how many bones in the skull?

A

22

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3
Q

What are the unpaired facial bones?

A

Vomer and mandible

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4
Q

Which part of the sphenoid bone contains the sella turcica?

A

Greater wing

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5
Q

All the muscles of deglutition are innervated by the vagus nerve except which muscle?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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6
Q

What are the paired laryngeal cartilage?

A

Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform cartilage

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7
Q

Laryngeal membrane that give rise to the vestibular ligament:

A

Quadrangular membrane

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8
Q

Site at which tracheostomy is preferably done:

A

Second tracheal ring

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9
Q

Fascial layer that forms the false capsule of the thyroid gland:

A

Pretracheal fascia

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10
Q

Narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity at which aspirated foods are lodged:

A

Rima glottidis

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11
Q

What is the action of posterior cricoarytenoid on the vocal cords?

A

Abducts

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12
Q

Boundaries of the trachea superiorly and inferiorly:

A

Superior: Cricoid (C6)
Inferior: T4 (carina at the sternal angle)

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13
Q

Most common variant of Tracheoesophageal fistula:

A

EA with TEF at distal end

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14
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

From which artery does the inferior thyroid artery originate?

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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16
Q

What artery arises from the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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17
Q

Contents of the posterior mediastinum:

A

Descending aorta, Azygous and hemi azygous veins,** T**horacic duct, Esophagus, Sympathetic trunk (DATES)

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18
Q

The trachea bifurcates at which landmark of the inferior and superior mediastinum?

A

Sternal angle of louis - T4,T5

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19
Q

What is the primary source of sensory nerve fibers of the heart?

A

C3-C5 (from Phrenic nerve)

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20
Q

Which sign is characterized by distention of neck veins on inspiration?

A

Kussmaul sign

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21
Q

What are the veins that contribute to the coronary sinus?

A

Great, small, middle, oblique vein

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22
Q

ECG tracings reveal ST elevations in leads I, AVL, V1-V6. What are the possible sites of coronary artery occlusion?

A

Anterior wall, Anteroseptal, Postero septal

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23
Q

St Elevations on leads II, III, and aVF probably involves infarction of which part of the heart?

A

Inferior wall

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24
Q

What are the corresponding arteries of the Great, Middle, and small cardiac veins?

A

Anterior interventricular artery, Posterior interventricular artery, Right marginal artery

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25
Q

In the majority of the population, the Posterior interventricular artery arises from which cardiac artery?

A

Right coronary artery

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26
Q

Dermatomes affected in cardiac referred pain:

A

T1-T5

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27
Q

Most common coronary artery involved in myocardial infarction:

A

Anterior interventricular

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28
Q

ECG lead that corresponds to the apex of the heart:

A

Lead v4 (5th ICS LMCL)

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29
Q

Enumerate the anlage of the right ventricle and right atrium respectively:

A

Bulbus cordis and sinus venosus

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30
Q

Level at which the chest tube is inserted:

A

9th ICS, Midaxillary line during expiration

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31
Q

Enumerate the bronchopulmonary segments of the Right lung:

A

Upper lobe - Apical, Posterior, Anterior; Middle lobe - Lateral and Medial, Lower lobe - Superior, Medial basal, Antero basal, Postero basal, Lateral basal

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32
Q

Enumerate the bronchopulmonary segments of the Left lung:

A

Upper lobe - Apicoposterior, Anterior, Inferior, Superior; Lower lobe - Anteromedial basal, Superior, Lateral basal, Postero basal

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33
Q

What are the branches of the arch of the aorta?

A

Left subclavian, left common carotid, and brachiocephalic artery

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34
Q

The descending aorta pierces the diaphragm and ends up as the abdominal aorta at which thoracic vertebra?

A

T12

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35
Q

What are the aortic arch derivatives?

A

1st arch - maxillary arteries, 2nd arch - stapedial arteries, 3rd arch - proximal (common carotid) distal (internal carotid), 4th (left aortic arch right right subclavian), 5th none, 6th - left - left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus, right - right pulmonary artery

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36
Q

Fibrous band that connects the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk to the lower surface of the aortic arch:

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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37
Q

The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the union of:

A

Internal jugular and subclavian vein

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38
Q

Blood supply of the breast:

A

Internal thoracic (fr. subclavian), Lateral and thoracodorsal (fr. axillary), 2nd (from costocervical trunk), 3rd, and 4th posterior intercostals (from thoracic aorta)

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39
Q

Structures transmitted at the level of T12 diaphragmatic apperture:

A

Thoracic duct, Aorta, Azygous vein

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40
Q

The campers fascia becomes which layer/muscle in the scrotum?

A

Dartos muscle

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41
Q

The Scarpa’s fascia becomes which layer on the perineum?

A

Colle’s fascia

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42
Q

The cremasteric muscle is a originates from which abdominal muscle?

A

Internal oblique

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43
Q

What is the afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex?

A

Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

44
Q

The femoral sheath is a downward extension of which abdominal wall layer?

A

Transversalis fascia

45
Q

What is the origin of the Superior epigastric artery?

A

Internal thoracic artery

46
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the abdominal wall below the umbilicus:

A

Superficial inguinal LN

47
Q

The dartos muscle is a continuation of which fascia?

A

Scarpa’s

48
Q

Type of inguinal hernia that enters the scrotum:

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

49
Q

What are the contents of the Hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Hepatic artery, Common bile duct, Portal vein

50
Q

What are the unpaired anterior branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac artery, Superior and Inferior artery

51
Q

Level at which the abdominal aorta bifurcates in right and left common iliac arteries?

A

L4

52
Q

The lumber vertebral level at which the right renal artery goes behind the IVC to provide blood supply to the right kidney:

A

L1-L2

53
Q

The pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum is supplied by which branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac artery

54
Q

What structures can be palpated upon insertion of the finger on the epiploic foramen of winslow?

A

Anterior - Hepatoduodenal ligament, Posterior - SVC, Superior - caudate lobe of liver, Inferior - Superior portion of duodenum

55
Q

Where does the right gastric artery originate?

A

Hepatic artery

56
Q

A patient swallowed a button while lying at a supine position. At which bronchopulmonary segment will the button be dislodged?

A

Superior BPS of right lower lobe

57
Q

A patient swallowed a button while lying at right recumbent position. At which bronchopulmonary segment will the button be dislodged?

A

Posterior BPS of right upper lobe

58
Q

What are the branches of the SMA?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, Right colic, Middle colic, Ileocolic artery, Jejunal and ileal arteries, Appendiceal arteries

59
Q

What are the branches of the IMA?

A

Superior rectal, Left colic, Sigmoid artery

60
Q

The common iliac veins combine to form the IVC at what lumbar vertebral level?

A

L5

61
Q

Which 2 veins combine to form the portal vein?

A

Superior mesenteric vein and Splenic vein

62
Q

Collateral circulation develops in cases of portal hypertension 2nd to liver cirrhosis through which veins?

A

Left gastric and Azygous

63
Q

The right colic and right gastroepiploic veins drain into which vein?

A

SMV

64
Q

The left gonadal and left suprarenal veins drain into which vein?

A

Left renal vein

65
Q

At which vertebral level does the esophagus starts and ends?

A

C6 to T10

66
Q

The right vagus nerve lies anteriorly or posteriorly on the esophagus?

A

Posteriorly

67
Q

What is the blood supply of the esophagus from the upper to lower 3rd?

A

Inferior thyroid artery, Thoracic aorta, Left gastric artery

68
Q

Which plexus is affected in esophageal achalasia? Auerbach or Myenteric?

A

Myenteric

69
Q

Arrangement of the three muscular layers of the stomach:

A

IOMCOL (Internal oblique, Middle circular, Outer longitudinal

70
Q

What is the blood supply of the lesser and greater curvature of stomach?

A

Lesser - right and left gastric (main blood supply); Greater - right and left gastroepiploic artery

71
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply of the stomach:

A

T6-T9

72
Q

Carcinomas of the stomach are mostly found at which part of the stomach?

A

Pylorus

73
Q

Gastric ulcers are found at which part of the stomach?

A

lesser curvature

74
Q

Portion of the duodenum where the ligament of Treitz can be found?

A

4th portion, ascending

75
Q

Where can most duodenal ulcers be found?

A

1st part, anterior wall

76
Q

Which part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal?

A

2nd part

77
Q

Signs of Intussusception ultrasound?

A

Crescent in a donut, pseudo-kidney sign, Target sign

78
Q

What are the structures that are removed when performing Whipple’s surgery?

A

Head of pancreas, duodenum, GB, CBD, distal stomach

79
Q

The functional lobe of the liver is divided by:

A

Cantlie lines

80
Q

The liver is divided anatomical by which ligament?

A

Falciform ligament

81
Q

Enumerate the functional lobes of the liver:

A

1 - caudate lobe, 2 - lateral superior, 3 - lateral inferior, 4A - medial superior, 4B - medial inferior Quadrate lobe, 5 - anterior inferior, 6 - Posterior inferior, 7 - Posterior superior, 8 - Anterior superior

82
Q

Hepatic organization of the liver based on bile flow:

A

Portal lobule (with 3 central veins in its 3 apices)

83
Q

Blood supply of the liver:

A

Portal vein and Hepatic artery

84
Q

Liver biopsy is done in which anatomical landmark?

A

Right 10th intercostal space MAL

85
Q

What is the structure between the neck and the cystic duct of the gallbladder (its infundibulum) is called?

A

Hartmann Pouch

86
Q

The cystic artery usually originates from which artery?

A

Right hepatic

87
Q

Boundaries of the triangle of Calot/Cystohepatic triangle

A

Superior - inferior border of the liver, Inferior - cystic duct, Medial - common hepatic duct

88
Q

Dull, aching, poorly localized pain in gallstones is usually referred to which dermatomes?

A

T5-L1

89
Q

the fundus of the gallbladder lies at which costal cartilage?

A

Right 9th costal cartilage

90
Q

The plica circulares or the valves of Kerckring are located on which part of the GIT?

A

Jejunum and Ileum

91
Q

Where does the taenia coli start?

A

Appendix

92
Q

Nerve that can be injured in appendectomy:

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

93
Q

The longest, largest and the most mobile part of the large intestine:

A

Transverse colon

94
Q

The rectosigmoid junction is marked by the end of which structure in the large intestine?

A

Taenia coli

95
Q

Blood supply of the upper, middle, and inferior rectum:

A

Upper - IMA, Middle - Internal iliac artery, Inferior - Internal pudendal artery

96
Q

This muscle serves as a landmark from which the anal canal begins:

A

Puborectalis

97
Q

The lower part of the rectum is derived from:

A

The ectoderm

98
Q

Degrees of hemorrhoids:

A

1st degree - bulge to the anal canal but may prolapse when straining, 2nd degree - prolapse to the anal canal but reduce spontaneously, 3rd degree - prolapse to the anal canal but may be manually reduced, 4th degree - with risk of strangulation and cannot be reduced manually

99
Q

Which of the following is not part of the Ethmoid bone? Superior, Middle, Inferior nasal Concha, Anterior, Posterior ethmoid sinus

A

Inferior nasal concha

100
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum is a remnant of which structure?

A

Vitelline duct

101
Q

The temporal process is part of which facial bone?

A

zygomatic bone

102
Q

How many cells in morulla?

A

16

103
Q

What process in the third week of development forms the three germ layers?

A

Gastrulation

104
Q

Source of the three germ layers:

A

Epiblast

105
Q

The adrenal cortex is derived from which germ layer:

A

Mesoderm

106
Q

What are the boundaries of the Simon’s triangle?

A

Lateral - CCA, Medial - Esophagus, Superior - ITA

107
Q
A

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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