Anatomy Flashcards
What are the paired cranial bones?
Parietal and temporal
There are how many bones in the skull?
22
What are the unpaired facial bones?
Vomer and mandible
Which part of the sphenoid bone contains the sella turcica?
Greater wing
All the muscles of deglutition are innervated by the vagus nerve except which muscle?
Stylopharyngeus
What are the paired laryngeal cartilage?
Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform cartilage
Laryngeal membrane that give rise to the vestibular ligament:
Quadrangular membrane
Site at which tracheostomy is preferably done:
Second tracheal ring
Fascial layer that forms the false capsule of the thyroid gland:
Pretracheal fascia
Narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity at which aspirated foods are lodged:
Rima glottidis
What is the action of posterior cricoarytenoid on the vocal cords?
Abducts
Boundaries of the trachea superiorly and inferiorly:
Superior: Cricoid (C6)
Inferior: T4 (carina at the sternal angle)
Most common variant of Tracheoesophageal fistula:
EA with TEF at distal end
Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into?
Brachiocephalic vein
From which artery does the inferior thyroid artery originate?
Thyrocervical trunk
What artery arises from the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?
Dorsal scapular artery
Contents of the posterior mediastinum:
Descending aorta, Azygous and hemi azygous veins,** T**horacic duct, Esophagus, Sympathetic trunk (DATES)
The trachea bifurcates at which landmark of the inferior and superior mediastinum?
Sternal angle of louis - T4,T5
What is the primary source of sensory nerve fibers of the heart?
C3-C5 (from Phrenic nerve)
Which sign is characterized by distention of neck veins on inspiration?
Kussmaul sign
What are the veins that contribute to the coronary sinus?
Great, small, middle, oblique vein
ECG tracings reveal ST elevations in leads I, AVL, V1-V6. What are the possible sites of coronary artery occlusion?
Anterior wall, Anteroseptal, Postero septal
St Elevations on leads II, III, and aVF probably involves infarction of which part of the heart?
Inferior wall
What are the corresponding arteries of the Great, Middle, and small cardiac veins?
Anterior interventricular artery, Posterior interventricular artery, Right marginal artery
In the majority of the population, the Posterior interventricular artery arises from which cardiac artery?
Right coronary artery
Dermatomes affected in cardiac referred pain:
T1-T5
Most common coronary artery involved in myocardial infarction:
Anterior interventricular
ECG lead that corresponds to the apex of the heart:
Lead v4 (5th ICS LMCL)
Enumerate the anlage of the right ventricle and right atrium respectively:
Bulbus cordis and sinus venosus
Level at which the chest tube is inserted:
9th ICS, Midaxillary line during expiration
Enumerate the bronchopulmonary segments of the Right lung:
Upper lobe - Apical, Posterior, Anterior; Middle lobe - Lateral and Medial, Lower lobe - Superior, Medial basal, Antero basal, Postero basal, Lateral basal
Enumerate the bronchopulmonary segments of the Left lung:
Upper lobe - Apicoposterior, Anterior, Inferior, Superior; Lower lobe - Anteromedial basal, Superior, Lateral basal, Postero basal
What are the branches of the arch of the aorta?
Left subclavian, left common carotid, and brachiocephalic artery
The descending aorta pierces the diaphragm and ends up as the abdominal aorta at which thoracic vertebra?
T12
What are the aortic arch derivatives?
1st arch - maxillary arteries, 2nd arch - stapedial arteries, 3rd arch - proximal (common carotid) distal (internal carotid), 4th (left aortic arch right right subclavian), 5th none, 6th - left - left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus, right - right pulmonary artery
Fibrous band that connects the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk to the lower surface of the aortic arch:
Ligamentum arteriosum
The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the union of:
Internal jugular and subclavian vein
Blood supply of the breast:
Internal thoracic (fr. subclavian), Lateral and thoracodorsal (fr. axillary), 2nd (from costocervical trunk), 3rd, and 4th posterior intercostals (from thoracic aorta)
Structures transmitted at the level of T12 diaphragmatic apperture:
Thoracic duct, Aorta, Azygous vein
The campers fascia becomes which layer/muscle in the scrotum?
Dartos muscle
The Scarpa’s fascia becomes which layer on the perineum?
Colle’s fascia
The cremasteric muscle is a originates from which abdominal muscle?
Internal oblique