Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiotherapy 2.3 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the RCA and where does it lie?

A

Right coronary artery

→ Originates from ascending aorta (more anteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the RCA innervate?

A

Posterior heart wall together with ramus circumflex/circumflex artery of LCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the LCA and where does it lie?

A

Left coronary artery

→ Originates from ascending aorta (more posteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why can necrosis easily occur once a coronary artery is blocked?

A

There is no collateral circulation and arteries end in the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a different term for pericardium?

A

Heart pocket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are functions of the pericardium?

A
  • Protects against blows to the heart
  • Avoids friction when heart moves/pumps
  • Prevents overstretching of muscle fibres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep?

A

→ Fibrous pericardium
→ Parietal layer
→ Pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in case of a pericarditis?

A

→ Inflammation and swelling will minimise room for myocardium to pump and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the layers of the myocardium from superficial to deep?

A

Epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which organ is innervated by the hepatic artery and vein?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which organ is innervated by the renal artery and vein?

A

The kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which vein connects the stomach and intestines with the liver?

A

The hepatic portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Small lumen
  • Situated deeper in tissue
  • Only valves at base of aorta and pulmonary arteries
  • High pressure
  • Pulse palpable
  • Thick elastic wall
    → Outer layer CT
    → Middle layer smooth muscle
    → Inner layer thin endothelium

Which blood vessel is this?

A

Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Small lumen
  • At tissue level
  • No valves
  • High pressure
  • No pulse
  • Thin wall
    → Outside basement membrane
    → Inside endothelial cells

Which blood vessel is this?

A

Capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Big Lumen (20µm-9mm)
  • Near surface of skin
  • Valves
  • Low pressure
  • No pulse
  • Thin wall
    → Outer layer CT
    → Minimal middle layer of smooth muscle
    → Inner layer thin endothelium

Which blood vessel is this?

A

Vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Least permeable
  • Only exchange through diffusion → gas exchange

Which type of capillary is described here?

A

Continuous capillary

17
Q
  • Small openings
  • Covered by permeable membrane
  • Exchange through small channels → glucose, amino acids

Which type of capillary is described here?

A

Perforated/fenestrated capillary

18
Q
  • Gaps in basement membrane
  • Exchange of bigger molecules → fats, hormones, vitamins

Which type of capillary is described here?

A

Discontinuous capillary

19
Q

What are the 2 forms of water displacement in the human body?

A

hydrostatic and colloid-osmotic pressure

  • Passive exchange of water between capillary circulation and interstitial space
  • Exchange across a semipermeable membrane
20
Q

What are characteristics of hydrostatic pressure in the body?

A
  • High pressure in capillary, low pressure in tissue → Filtration from high to low pressure
  • Determined by blood pressure

→ Diffusion

21
Q

How does the colloid osmotic pressure work?

A
  • Has to do with concentration of particles in a solution
  • Blood contains large proteins like albumin or globulin → Can’t pass through capillary wall
  • Water moves to area with higher concentration of particles
  • Suction effect due to higher (e.g. protein) concentration
  • Evens out particle and water concentration on both sides of membrane
22
Q

How does water travel in colloid osmotic pressure?

A

from low particle concentration to high particle concentration

23
Q

Why does water despite the pressure systems accumulate in the body?

A

Net pressure release of hydrostatic pressure out of capillary > net pressure of colloid-osmotic pressure into capillary

More water is pushed into intersticial space than sucked back into the capillary

24
Q

How much water is moved into the interstitial space per day?

A

Approx. 8L

25
Q
  • Big lumen 15-75µm
  • On tissue level
  • Valves
  • Low pressure
  • Overlapping epithelial cells
  • No or discontinuous basement membrane
  • Peristaltic movement walls

Which vessel is this?

A

Lymphatic capillary

26
Q
  • Small lumen 3-8µm
  • On tissue level
  • No valves
  • High pressure
  • Connected epithelial cells
  • Continuous or discontinuous basement membrane
  • Some constriction or dilation possible

Which vessel is this?

A

Blood capillary

27
Q

What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Tissue drainage
  2. Return plasma proteins to circulation
  3. Uptake of fats in bowel
  4. Defence → production and distribution of lymphocytes
28
Q

Which part of the body is drained by the right lymphatic duct which enters into the right subclavian vein?

A

Upper right torso

Right arm

Right side of neck and head

29
Q

Which part of the body is drained by the thoracic duct which enters into the left subclavian vein?

A

Legs

Lower torso

Upper left torso

Left arm

Left side of neck and head

30
Q

What are the biggest lymph vessels of the body?

A

thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus) and right lymphatic duct (lymphaticus dextra)

31
Q

What is the biggest lymph node of the human body and where is it located?

A

Cisterna Chyli → one of the biggest lymph nodes

Most inferior part of thoracic duct

32
Q

What is the main function of lymph nodes?

A
  • Filters out damaged cells, cancer cells, foreign particles
  • Release specialised blood cells (t-lymphocytes) → destroy damaged cells, cancer cells, foreign particles
33
Q

What happens to lymph nodes when there is an infection ?

A

lymph node works harder and swells

34
Q

The cavities of lymph nodes are filled with?

A

White blood cells / Leucocytes

35
Q

What is the mechanism of intra-cellular oedema?

A
  • Inadequate ATP production and functioning of sodium pump (Na+/K+ -ATPase)
  • Accumulation of Na+ in extracellular compartment
  • Leads to osmotic swelling of cells is the result
    → 2-3 times of normal size
    → May lead to cell death
36
Q

Where can intra-cellular oedema often be observed?

A

In inflammatory tissues

37
Q

What are the main reasons for extra-cellular oedema?

A

→ Increase in capillary blood pressure
→ Decrease in plasma colloid-osmotic pressure
→ Blockage of lymphatic drainage
→ Increase in capillary wall permeability

38
Q

What happens if water is no longer constrained by hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure and the corresponding macromolecules?

A

Water reacts to forces of gravity and travels to the limbs (extra-cellular oedema)

Physiotherapy 2.3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions