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cardiovascular system > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Joints between ribs and sternum ………..

A

Sternocostal joints (synchondrosis)

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2
Q

What connects the sternum to the manubrium and costal cartilage and is present in the manubriosternal joint?

A

Intraarticular sternocostal ligament

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3
Q

Joints between ribs and vertebrae?

A

Costovertebral joints

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4
Q

The joint of head of rib is what type of joint and what does it connect?

A

Plane joint

Connects joints b/w ribs and vertebrae (Costovertebral joints)

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5
Q

What is the name of the joint that connects the sternum to the costal cartilage?

A

Sternocostal joint

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6
Q

During breathing, the dimensions of the thorax change in the vertical, lateral, and anteroposterior directions due to the ………

A

Ribs

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7
Q

Elevation and depression of the ………….. significantly alter the vertical dimensions of the thorax

A

Diaphragm

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8
Q

Diaphragm contracts: ……

Diaphragm relaxes:…..

A

Inspiration (depression of the diaphragm)

Expiration (elevation of the diaphragm)

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9
Q

This “pump handle” movement changes the dimensions of the thorax in the ……….l direction.
What is the movement of the ribs while inspiration and expiration?

A
  • Anteroposterior.
  • Inspiration: when the ribs are elevated, they move the sternum upward and forward.
  • Expiration: When the ribs are depressed, the sternum moves downward and backward.
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10
Q

The cavity between the 2 lungs is known as?

A

Mediastinum

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11
Q

Facia(film that covers the muscle)+bony structure=

A

Thoracic cavity

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12
Q

What are the borders of the superior thoracic apparture(thoracic inlet)?

A

Laterally: first thoracic bone(costa), first costal cartilage, first thoracic vertebrae, manubrium
Anteriorly: sternum, jugular notch (suprasternal notch) of sternum

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13
Q

Cervical ribs are present in approximately 1% of the population.
What is the consequence of this congenital error?

A

Cervical rib may compress the subclavian artery

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14
Q

,…………. It is the thin layer that seperates the parietal pleura from the thoracic wall

A

Endothoracic fascia

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15
Q

Which muscle is the most active during inspiration, moves ribs upward?

A

External intercostal muscle

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16
Q

Which muscle is the most active during expiration, moves ribs inferiorly?which other muscle acts with it?

A

Internal intercostal muscle, inner most intercostal muscle aids in expiration

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17
Q

the costal groove is present on the

A

Inferior surface of ribs

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18
Q

Which muscles are needed for quiet expiration?

A

None, expiration results from passive recoil of lungs

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19
Q

Which muscles are needed for active expiration?

A

Internal intercostal m
Innermost intercostal m
Abdominal m

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20
Q

What are some features of sternal angle?

A
  • Level of 2nd costal rib
  • Manubriosternal joint, which is a cartilaginous joint
  • T4 level vertebrae
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21
Q

Thoracic wall is supplied by

……………………… and …………….

A

anterior intercostal arteries and

posterior intercostal arteries

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22
Q

what are the branches of costocervical trunk?

A

[left subclavian artery]–>costocervical trunk–>supreme intercostal artery–>1st-2nd posterior intercostal artery

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23
Q

1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery originates from which trunk?

A

costocervical trunk

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24
Q

what are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

A 
A: arch of aorta
B: brachiocephalic trunk
C: left common carotid artery
S: left subclavian artery
\+ Bronchial artery , Esophageal artery, superior phrenic artery
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25
Q

•In each intercostal space, the anterior intercostal arteries usually have two
branches anteriorly:
–>One passes below the
margin of the upper rib
–>The other passes above
the margin of the lower rib
and meets and connects with …………….

A

posterior intercostal artery

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26
Q

The ascending aorta has two small branches. These are the major Coronary Arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the ………

A

heart

27
Q

The ascending aorta, along with the aortic arch and the descending aorta, makes up the …………….

A

thoracic aorta.

28
Q

The ascending aorta carries oxygenated blood from the ……… ventricle to the rest of your body.

A

left

29
Q

name where do each of the ascending, descending, and abdominal aortas start and end

A
  • ->ascending aorta ends at the sternal angle
  • ->descending aorta starts at sternal angle and ends at L5
  • ->abdominal aorta extends below the diaphragm`
30
Q

what are the branches of internal thoracic artery ()?

A

musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery

31
Q

what is the only artery that goes to the inferior part of the thorax?

A

internal thoracic artery(6th lvl)

32
Q

…………… is the lowest pair of branches from the thoracic aorta located inferior to rib XII

A

Subcostal artery

33
Q

intercostal vein, artery, nerve–> located in …………–> which is between internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles

A

costal groove

34
Q

what are the right sided veins?

A

right brachiocephalic vein–>azygos vein
right superior intercostal vein–>azygos vein
posterior intercostal vein–>azygos vein
12th subcostal vein–> azygos vein

35
Q

what are the left sided veins?

A

accessory hemiazygos vein

hemiazygos vein

36
Q

•Azygos vein drain into
…………………… at T4
level

A

superior vena cava

37
Q

what do the intercostal nerves innervate?

A

**Parietal Pleura
intercostal muscles
periosteum of ribs

38
Q

•One of the important anatomical landmark used
to evaluate the thoracal and abdominal location
of the organs during the physical examination is
the sternal angle. Sternum articulates with which
of the following bones at this angle?

A

2nd rib

39
Q

•Intercostalis supreme artery that supply the first
two intercostal spaces is the branch of which of
the following arteries?

A

costocervical trunk

40
Q

where in the mediastinum are infections and neoplasms emerge?

A

posterior mediastinum

41
Q

from where do left/right coronary arteries arise from?

A

ascending aorta

42
Q

what do the left/right coronary arteries supply?

A

supply oxygenated blood to myocardium of heart

43
Q

the bifurcation of trachea occurs at what level? and which part of mediastinum?

A

T4

middle mediastinum

44
Q

the …………..comes posterior to the mediastinum?

A

esophagus

45
Q

what artery emerge from thoracic aorta?

A

posterior intercostal artery

46
Q

Azygose vein drain into …………….. at T4

A

(posterior of) superior vena cava

47
Q

what are the contents of anterior mediastinum?

A

1) connective tissue
2) lymph node
3) thymus residues
4) mediastinal branches of internal thoracic artery

48
Q

phrenic nerve is located at which side of the heart? and passes by which opening?

A

right/left side

caval opening

49
Q

which larynx nerves pass posterior to subclavian artery (branch of thoracic aorta)?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

50
Q

what does the right superior intercostal vein drain into?

A

azygose vein

51
Q

what are the contents of middle mediastinum?

A

H&P.A.P:
heart& pericardium
ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk

ISV.EA:
inferior part of superior vena cava
end of azigose vein

PPav.Pn:
phrenic nerve
pericardiophrenic artery and vein

TB.PB.CP.L:
Trachial bifurcation
r./l. primary bronchus
cardiac plexus
lymph node
52
Q

There are vessels in the …………..layer: the coronary arteries and cardiac veins that supply the heart

A

epicardium

53
Q

The …………………… muscle is lined internally by the endothoracic fascia and
parietal pleura.

A

innermost intercostal muscle

54
Q

phrenic nerve supplies?

A

diaphragm, pericardium of heart

55
Q

what sinus is formed by the reflection onto the pulmonary veins of heart, [is a recess formed by the reflection of the serous pericardium around the venae cava and the four
pulmonary veins]
?

A

oblique pericardial sinus

56
Q

which sinus separates arteries from veins and is a passage between the reflection of the serous pericardium around the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk and the reflection around the great veins?

A

transverse pericardium sinus

57
Q

posterior intercostal veins drain into the ……………..

A

azygos or hemiazygos veins

58
Q

anterior intercostal veins drain into the ………………..

A

internal thoracic

and musculophrenic veins.

59
Q

apex is which part of the heart ?

A

left ventricle

60
Q

the Base(back of heart) is which part of the heart?

A

right/left atrium

61
Q

The coronary sinus opens into the ………….

A

right atrium

62
Q

which vena cava has a valve and what are their features

A

they both open into right atrium
The superior vena cava has no valve.
The inferior vena cava, which actually is larger than the superior vena cava, has a
rudimentary valve

63
Q

3rd-11th posterior intercostal arteries originates from which trunk?

A

descending thoracic aorta

cardiovascular system (11 decks)

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