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Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

urinary tract

A

kidneys produce urine / filter blood > ureters carry urine to bladder > bladder stores urine > urethra carries to excretatory organ

upper tract= kidneys & ureters
lower= bladder & urethra

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2
Q

anatomy of the kidneys

A

location: retroperitoneal- upper quadrants/ lumbar region, right lies at L1-L3, left lies T12-L2. ribs 11& 12 posterior to kidneys

lateral musculature: transverses abdominis, internal and external obliques

posterior musculature: quadratus lumborum, psoas major

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3
Q

hilum of kidney anatomy

A

hilum of kidney: renal vein (anteriorly), renal artery, ureter (inferiorly)

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4
Q

layers of kidney

A

renal capsule > perinephric fat > renal deep fascia > paranephric fat > visceral peritoneum

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5
Q

some blood supply of the ureters

A

many- renal artery, abdominal aorta, common iliac artery

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6
Q

what are 2 areas of LNs kidneys drain to

A

iliac nodes and lumbar nodes

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7
Q

inside of kidney is composed of ______ and _______

A

cortex and medulla- medulla contains pyramids which contain nephrons creating the sun ray appearance

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8
Q

how does urine drain

A

nephrons > minor calyx > major calyx > real pelvis > ureter

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9
Q

what are 3 ureteric constrictions susceptible to pathology

A

pelviureteric junction, ureter passing over anterior aspect of common iliac artery and ureteric orifice

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10
Q

what muscle creates the pelvic floor

A

the levator ani muscle

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11
Q

what direction do ureters enter bladder preventing urinary reflux

A

inferomedial direction

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12
Q

name the male and female pouches formed

A

male-rectovesicle pouch

female- rectouterine, vesico-uterine

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13
Q

bladder anatomy

A

location: true pelvis (empty), superior part in contact with peritoneum
anatomy: has 2 ureteric orifices and 1 urethral creating the trigone. wall of bladder is the detrusor muscle (encircles orifices)

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14
Q

T/F: females have longer urethras

A

F: males have 20cm long, females 4cm

males have internal & external sphincters, females only have external

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15
Q

the external sphincter is under _____ control

A

voluntary- at level of levator ani muscle

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16
Q

what is the male reproductive tract

A

sperm produced in testes > epidydimis > vas deferans >spermatic cord > seminal gland > ejaculatory duct > prosthetic urethra > spongy urethra > external urethral orifice

17
Q

where do testes sit and their drainage

A

tunica vaginalis
right testicular vein > inferior vena cava
left > renal vein

18
Q

which area of the prostate is more susceptible to cancer

A

posterior zone

19
Q

penis anaotomy

A

root is attached to ischium > body of penis > glans > external urethral orifice

skin > superficial fascia > deep fascia

arteries: internal pudendal artery, branch of external iliac artery (scrotum)

20
Q

deep fascia has 3 cylinders which engorge during ejaculation- these are called…

A

corpus spongiosum, corpus cavernosum x2

21
Q

visceral afferents supply the majority of sensory innervation of urinary tract- how does this occur?

A

afferents run along sympathetic fibres

kidneys: > enter T11 and L1 = pain in loins
ureters: > T11 and L2= pain in groin/loins

bladder: upper part (peritoneum contact) is sympathetic > T11-L2 = suprapubic pain
rest of bladder is PS > S2,3,4

22
Q

3 types of efferent fibres are

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, somatic motor

23
Q

how do sympathetic efferent fibres work

A

leave CNS (T10-L2) > sympathetic chain> abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves > abdominal sympathetic ganglia > postsynaptic nerves leave ganglia > surface of arteries > organs

24
Q

how do parasympathetic efferent fibres work

A

Kidneys: vagus nerve enters abdominal cavity (via diaphragm) > periarterial plexus

bladder: pelvic splanchnic nerves leave S2,3,4

25
Q

how do somatic motor fibres work

A

only go to body wall structures!

perineum structures innervated by somatic motor efferents- urethra, external urethral sphincter, pelvic floor muscles

26
Q

why is pain felt more sharp in urethra?

A

because only place in tract with visceral and somatic pain afferents (somatic as part of urethra in perineum- localised sharp pain)

27
Q

how does micturition occur

A

visceral afferents detect stretch > detrusor muscle contracts > & internal urethral sphincter, external sphincter, levator ani relax > anterolateral muscles contract to inc pressure > urine out

28
Q

T/F: micturition is mainly under sympathetic control

A

F: mainly under PS control + somatic control for anterolateral muscle contraction

Renal (16 decks)

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