Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
what is AKI
abrupt (<48hrs) reduction in kidney function- Inc in SrCr, Cr or reduced UO
types of AKI
pre-renal- volume depletion leading to oliguria (<0.5ml/kg/hr). hypovolaemia, hypotension, renal hypoperfusion
renal: diseases causing inflammation or damage to cells causing AKI
post-renal: obstructive uropathy
s/s of AKI
fluid overload, inc HT, oedema/pulm oedema
non-specific: anorexia, wt loss, fatigue, lethargy
what is the staging for AKI
KDIGO
ix for AKI
U&Es (Na, K), haematoproteinuria, USS, immunology
mx for AKI
establish good perfusion pressure, once fluid resusc use inotropes/vasopressors, tx underlying cause, stop nephrotoxins, consider RRT
when do you consider dialysis for AKI
when toxins aren’t being removed
name some nephrotoxins
NSAIDs, ARBs/ACEi, gent, contrast, trimethoprim
acute tubular necrosis is a complication of pre-renal AKI, T/F?
T
hyperkalaemia is associated with cardiac _____ and is a reading of…
arrhythmias, K= >6.5
s/s of hyperkalaemia
muscle weakness, palpitations
ECG of hyperkalaemia
T wave peak is high, flat p wave, prolonged PR, sine wave pattern
mx of hyperkalaemia
10mls of 10% Ca gluconate over 2-3mins then give 50mls 50% dextrose over 30mins
what is triad for nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria (>3g/day), hypoalbuminuria, oedema
what is nephrotic syndrome indicative of…
non-proliferative process (podocytes affected)
