Anatomy 1: Planes, Body Positions, Joints, Vein and Artery Terms-Test 1 Flashcards
0
Q
Posterior
A
Towards the back
1
Q
Anterior
A
Towards the front
2
Q
Frontal Plane (coronal plane)
A
Divides the body and separates anterior from posterior (front and back)
3
Q
Median Plane (midsagittal)
A
Divides the body down the middle and separates left and right
4
Q
Sagittal Plane
A
Divides the body left and right, but not in equal parts
5
Q
Transverse Plane (horizontal or axial plane)
A
Divides the body top and bottom, not necessarily in equal parts
6
Q
Lateral
A
Toward the side
7
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline of the body
8
Q
Superior
A
Toward the head or upwards or above
9
Q
Inferior
A
Beneath or downward or beneath
10
Q
Distal
A
Moving Further away from the body
11
Q
Proximal
A
Toward the body or closer to the body
12
Q
Radial
A
Thumb side
13
Q
Ulnar
A
Pinky side
14
Q
Dorsum
A
Back of the hand or top of foot
Bottom of foot-sole and inside of hand-palm
15
Q
Extension
A
Move back towards anatomical position
16
Q
Lateral Rotation
A
Rotation outward and away from the body
17
Q
Medial Rotations
A
Rotation towards the body
18
Q
Abduction
A
Away from the body
19
Q
Adduction
A
Towards the body
20
Q
Circumduction
A
Circular movement
21
Q
Supination
A
Palms up (serving soup)
22
Q
Pronation
A
Palms down
23
Q
Dorsiflexion
A
Foot movement upwards (kicking the door)
24
Plantarflexion
Foot pointing downwards (pushing in a plant)
25
Inversion
Turning foot inside
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Eversion
Turning foot outward
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Elevation
Lifting shoulders upwards
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Depression
Moving shoulders downward (depressed)
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Retrusion
Moving the jaw backwards towards the head
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Protrusion
Moving the chin outward
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Simple blood flow through the body
Left atrium, left ventricle, systemic arteries, systemic capillary beds, systemic veins, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins....start again
32
Tunica intima
The inner portion of the veins and arteries
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Tunica media
The middle portion of arteries and veins (much thicker in arteries)
34
Tunica adventitia
Outer portion of arteries and veins (much larger in veins)
35
What type of muscle surrounds the tunica media?
Smooth muscle
36
Endothelium
The inner membrane of the tunica intima of veins and arteries
37
Subendothelium
Second inner layer of the tunica intima of veins and arteries
38
Pathway of blood through arteries and veins
From heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, vein, to heart
39
Lumen
The opening of the vein or artery
40
Basement membrane
Inner portion of the membrane of the vein under the elastic lamina and above the subendothelium and tunica intima
41
Valve cusp
Only present in veins not arteries, and prevents back flow since blood is flowing against gravity
42
When muscles contract what happens to bloodflow?
Blood is pushed upward towards the heart
43
Vascular sheath
Sheath that bundles arteries and veins
44
Vertebra divisions
```
Cervical: C1-C8
Thoracic: T1-T12
Lumbar: L1-L5
Sacral: S1-S5
Coccyx
```
45
Hinge Joints
Uniaxial: permit flexing and extension only (elbow joint)
46
Pivot Joints
Uniaxial: allow rotation; a round process of the bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket (the atlantoaxial joint between atlas C1 and axis C2
47
Saddle Joints
Biaxial: shaped like a saddle, they concave and convex where the bones articulate (joint between the first metacarpal and the trapezium-base of thumb)
48
Condylar (ellipsoid) joints
Biaxial: permit a wider range of flexion and extension and a narrower range of abduction and adduction, and circumduction (the metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints of fingers)
49
Plane joints
Permit gliding or sliding movements (acrominoclavicular joint)
50
Ball and socket joints
Multiaxial: permit movement in several axes (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction); a rounded head fits into a concavity (hip joint)
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Ipsilateral
Refers to the same side of the body
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Contralateral
Refers to opposite sides of the body
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Subcostal
Transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the costal margin
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Transpyloric plane
Transverse plane that bisects the body across the pylorus
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Costal margin (Costal arch)
Medial margin Formed by the false ribs and one true ribs; borders of bottom rib cage
56
Xiphisternal joint
Located at the bottom of the sternum where the body of the sternum and xiphoid process me
57
Carotid bruit
A systolic sound heard over the carotid artery during auscultation
58
Fibrous joints
Very little movement; seen in the skull
59
Primary Cartilaginous joints
The bones are united by a plate or a bar of hyaline cartilage ( the union between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone and between 1st rib and manubrium sterni
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Secondary cartilaginous joints
Bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage and the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage (symphysis pubis and the vertebral bodies)
61
Synovial joints
Permits a degree of freedom of movement; contains the synovial membrane and synovial fluid ( knees or discs)
62
Bursae
A lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous sac lined with a delicate smooth membrane
63
Sinusoids
Resemble capillaries because they are thin walled blood vessels, but they are wider and have irregular cross diameter
64
Arteriovenus anastomoses
Direct connection between arteries and veins without capillaries
