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Anatomy 1: Term 1 > Anatomy 1: Planes, Body Positions, Joints, Vein and Artery Terms-Test 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy 1: Planes, Body Positions, Joints, Vein and Artery Terms-Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back

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1
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

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2
Q

Frontal Plane (coronal plane)

A

Divides the body and separates anterior from posterior (front and back)

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3
Q

Median Plane (midsagittal)

A

Divides the body down the middle and separates left and right

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4
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body left and right, but not in equal parts

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5
Q

Transverse Plane (horizontal or axial plane)

A

Divides the body top and bottom, not necessarily in equal parts

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side

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7
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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8
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head or upwards or above

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9
Q

Inferior

A

Beneath or downward or beneath

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10
Q

Distal

A

Moving Further away from the body

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the body or closer to the body

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12
Q

Radial

A

Thumb side

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13
Q

Ulnar

A

Pinky side

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14
Q

Dorsum

A

Back of the hand or top of foot

Bottom of foot-sole and inside of hand-palm

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15
Q

Extension

A

Move back towards anatomical position

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16
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Rotation outward and away from the body

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17
Q

Medial Rotations

A

Rotation towards the body

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18
Q

Abduction

A

Away from the body

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19
Q

Adduction

A

Towards the body

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20
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement

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21
Q

Supination

A

Palms up (serving soup)

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22
Q

Pronation

A

Palms down

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23
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Foot movement upwards (kicking the door)

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24
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Foot pointing downwards (pushing in a plant)

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25
Q

Inversion

A

Turning foot inside

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26
Q

Eversion

A

Turning foot outward

27
Q

Elevation

A

Lifting shoulders upwards

28
Q

Depression

A

Moving shoulders downward (depressed)

29
Q

Retrusion

A

Moving the jaw backwards towards the head

30
Q

Protrusion

A

Moving the chin outward

31
Q

Simple blood flow through the body

A

Left atrium, left ventricle, systemic arteries, systemic capillary beds, systemic veins, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins….start again

32
Q

Tunica intima

A

The inner portion of the veins and arteries

33
Q

Tunica media

A

The middle portion of arteries and veins (much thicker in arteries)

34
Q

Tunica adventitia

A

Outer portion of arteries and veins (much larger in veins)

35
Q

What type of muscle surrounds the tunica media?

A

Smooth muscle

36
Q

Endothelium

A

The inner membrane of the tunica intima of veins and arteries

37
Q

Subendothelium

A

Second inner layer of the tunica intima of veins and arteries

38
Q

Pathway of blood through arteries and veins

A

From heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, vein, to heart

39
Q

Lumen

A

The opening of the vein or artery

40
Q

Basement membrane

A

Inner portion of the membrane of the vein under the elastic lamina and above the subendothelium and tunica intima

41
Q

Valve cusp

A

Only present in veins not arteries, and prevents back flow since blood is flowing against gravity

42
Q

When muscles contract what happens to bloodflow?

A

Blood is pushed upward towards the heart

43
Q

Vascular sheath

A

Sheath that bundles arteries and veins

44
Q

Vertebra divisions

A 
Cervical: C1-C8
Thoracic: T1-T12
Lumbar: L1-L5
Sacral: S1-S5
Coccyx
45
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Uniaxial: permit flexing and extension only (elbow joint)

46
Q

Pivot Joints

A

Uniaxial: allow rotation; a round process of the bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket (the atlantoaxial joint between atlas C1 and axis C2

47
Q

Saddle Joints

A

Biaxial: shaped like a saddle, they concave and convex where the bones articulate (joint between the first metacarpal and the trapezium-base of thumb)

48
Q

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

A

Biaxial: permit a wider range of flexion and extension and a narrower range of abduction and adduction, and circumduction (the metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints of fingers)

49
Q

Plane joints

A

Permit gliding or sliding movements (acrominoclavicular joint)

50
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Multiaxial: permit movement in several axes (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction); a rounded head fits into a concavity (hip joint)

51
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Refers to the same side of the body

52
Q

Contralateral

A

Refers to opposite sides of the body

53
Q

Subcostal

A

Transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the costal margin

54
Q

Transpyloric plane

A

Transverse plane that bisects the body across the pylorus

55
Q

Costal margin (Costal arch)

A

Medial margin Formed by the false ribs and one true ribs; borders of bottom rib cage

56
Q

Xiphisternal joint

A

Located at the bottom of the sternum where the body of the sternum and xiphoid process me

57
Q

Carotid bruit

A

A systolic sound heard over the carotid artery during auscultation

58
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Very little movement; seen in the skull

59
Q

Primary Cartilaginous joints

A

The bones are united by a plate or a bar of hyaline cartilage ( the union between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a growing bone and between 1st rib and manubrium sterni

60
Q

Secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Bones are united by a plate of fibrocartilage and the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage (symphysis pubis and the vertebral bodies)

61
Q

Synovial joints

A

Permits a degree of freedom of movement; contains the synovial membrane and synovial fluid ( knees or discs)

62
Q

Bursae

A

A lubricating device consisting of a closed fibrous sac lined with a delicate smooth membrane

63
Q

Sinusoids

A

Resemble capillaries because they are thin walled blood vessels, but they are wider and have irregular cross diameter

64
Q

Arteriovenus anastomoses

A

Direct connection between arteries and veins without capillaries

Anatomy 1: Term 1 (7 decks)

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