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Anatomy 1: Term 1 > Anatomy 1: Chapter 2-Thoracic Wall-Test 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy 1: Chapter 2-Thoracic Wall-Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

thoracic cage

A

the framework of the walls of the thorax; formed by the vertebral column behind, the ribs and intercostal spaces on either side and the sternum and costal cartilages in front

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2
Q

mediastinum

A

the median partition of the thorax cavity ; laterally are the pleurae and lungs

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3
Q

visceral pleura

A

thin membrane that covers the lungs

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4
Q

parietal pleura

A

inner surface of the chest wall

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5
Q

pleura cavities

A

two membranous sacs are formed from the parietal and visceral pleura; each one is on each side of the thorax

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6
Q

sternum

A

a flat bone that can be divided into three parts: the manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process

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7
Q

manubrium

A

upper part of the sternum (handle); articulates with the clavicles and the 2nd costal cartilages; lies opposite the T3 and T4

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8
Q

body of sternum

A

articulates above with the manubrium at the manubriosternal joint and below with the xiphoid process at the xiphisternal joint; attaches at the 2nd to 7th costal cartilage

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9
Q

xiphoid process

A

a thin plate of cartilage that becomes ossified at its proximal end during adult life; no ribs or costal cartilage attaches to it

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10
Q

sternal angle (Angle of Louis)

A

formed by the articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum, at the 2nd costal cartilage and at T4 and T5

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11
Q

xiphisternal joint

A

lies opposite the body of sternum at T9

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12
Q

Types of Ribs (3)

A

12 pairs and are attached posteriorly at the thoracic vertebrae; True: the upper 7 are attached anteriorly to the sternum by costal cartilages, False: 8,9,10 pairs of ribs attached anteriorly to each other and to the 7th rib, floating ribs: 11th and 12th and have no anterior attachment

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13
Q

Typical Rib

A

long twisted flat bone that has a rounded smooth superior border and a sharp and thin inferior border; the anterior end attaches to corresponding costal cartilage

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14
Q

costal groove

A

where the inferior border of the rib overhangs and accommodates for the costal vessels and the nerves

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15
Q

head of the rib

A

has two facets for articulation with the vertebral body and the vertebra

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16
Q

neck of the rib

A

constricted portion situated between the head and the tubercle

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17
Q

tubercle of the rib

A

a prominence on the outer surface of the rib at the junction of the neck with the shaft; articulation with the transverse process

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18
Q

atypical rib

A

the 1st rib is an example and is important because of its close proximity to the lower nerves of the brachial plexus and the main vessels of the arms (subclavian artery and vein)

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19
Q

scalenus anterior muscle

A

attached at the 1st rib to its upper surface and inner border; anterior to it is the subclavian vein crosses the rib and posterior the subclavian artery and the lower trunk of the brachial plexus

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20
Q

costal cartilage

A

bars of cartilage that connect the upper seven ribs to the lateral edge of the sternum and the 8,9,10 ribs to the cartilage above; it contributes to the elasticity and mobility of the thoracic walls

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21
Q

manubriosternal joint

A

joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum; a small amount of angular movement is possible during respiration

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22
Q

intraarticular ligament

A

connect the head to the intervertebral disc

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23
Q

thoracic outlet

A

opening that the chest cavity and the root of the neck communicate through; important vessels and nerves emerge from the thorax here and the esophagus and trachea (1st rib and T1)

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24
Q

external intercostal muscle

A

forms from the most superficial layer; fibers directed downward and forward; it extends forward and is replaced by the anterior (external) intercostal membrane

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25
Q

internal intercostal muscle

A

forms the intermediate layer; fibers are downward and backward from the subcostal groove to the upper border of the rib below; muscle is replaced by the posterior (internal) intercostal membrane

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26
Q

innermost intercoastal muscle

A

forms the deepest layer that crosses more than one intercostal space within the ribs; lined internally by the endothoracic fascia and parietal pleura and externally to the intercostal nerves and vessels

27
Q

intercostal muscles actions

A

when they contract the tend to pull the ribs nearer to one another; the tone of these muscles during respiration strengthen the tissues of the intercostal spaces with changes in pressure

28
Q

Where are the intercostal nerves and blood vessels?

A

between the middle and innermost layers of muscle; arranged from above downward: intercostal vein, intercostal artery, intercostal nerve (VAN)

29
Q

intercostal space

A

space in between ribs; contain a single large posterior intercostal artery (drains backwards) and to smaller anterior intercostal arteries (drains forward)

30
Q

subcostal nerve

A

nerve that the anterior ramus of the 12th thoracic nerve lies in the abdoment and runs forward in the abdominal wall

31
Q

intercostal nerves are located…

A

in between the parietal pleura and the posterior intercostal membrane

32
Q

second intercostal nerve

A

is where the pain that runs to the medial side of the arm in coronary artery disease

33
Q

suprapleural membrane

A

attached laterally to the medial border the the first rib and costal cartilage; attached at its apex to the tip of the transverse process of C7; it protects the underlying cervical pleura and resists the chanes in pressure during respiration

34
Q

endothoracic fascia

A

a thin layer of loose CT that separates the parietal pleura from the thoracic wall

35
Q

diaphragm

A

a thin muscular and tendinous septum that separates the chest cavity above and the abdominal cavity below

36
Q

sternal part of the diaphragm

A

arising from the posterior surface of the xiphoid prcess

37
Q

costal part of the diaphragm

A

arising from the deep surfaces of the lower six ribs and their costal cartilages

38
Q

vertebral part of the diaphragm

A

arising by vertical columns and the arcuate ligaments

39
Q

right and left dome of the diaphragm shape? and what do they support?

A

RIGHT: reaches as high as the upper border of the 5th rib; LEFT-may reach lower border of the 5th rib; they support the two lungs

40
Q

Where does the central tendon lie? and what does it support?

A

at the level of the xiphisternal joint; it supports the heart

41
Q

diaphragm action

A

on contraction the diaphragm pulls don its central tendon and increases the vertical diameter of the thorax

42
Q

muscle of inspiration of diaphragm

A

pulls down central tendon and increases diameter of the thorax

43
Q

muscle of abdominal straining of diaphragm

A

during a deep breath the diaphragm is unable to rise because air is trapped in the respiratory tract

44
Q

weight-lifting muscle of diaphragm

A

the diaphragm assists the muscles of anterior abdominal wall raising the pressure to help support the vertebral column

45
Q

thoracoabdominal pump

A

descent of the diaphragm decreases the intrathoracic pressure and increases the intraabdominal pressure, which compresses the blood in the interior vena cava and forces it upward into the right atrium

46
Q

aortic opening of the diaphragm

A

anterior to the body at T12; transmits the aorta

47
Q

esophageal opening of the diaphragm

A

lies at the level of T10; transmits the esophagus, the right and left vagus nerves, esophageal branch of gastric vessels, and lymphatics

48
Q

caval opening of the diaphragm

A

lies at T8 in the central tendon; transmits inferior VC and terminal branches of the right phrenic nerve

49
Q

internal thoracic artery and internal thoracic vein

A

supplies the anterior wall of the body from the clavicle to the umnilicus

50
Q

levator costa muscle: action and nerve supply

A

action: raises the rib below and is therefore an inspiratory muscle; nerve supply: posterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

51
Q

serratus posterior superior muscle: action and nerve supply

A

arises form the lower cervical and upper thoracic spines; Action: elevates the ribs and is therefore an inspiratory muscle, nerve supply:intercostal nerves

52
Q

serratus posterior inferior muscle

A

thin muscle that arises from the ipper lumbar and lower thoracic spines; action: it depresses the ribs and its therefore an expiratory muscle, nerve supply:intercostal nerves

53
Q

subcostal angle

A

at the inferior end of the sternum at the 7th costal cartilages

54
Q

costal margin

A

ends at the 11th and 12th cartilages

55
Q

Where is the apex beat normally found?

A

fifth left intercostal space

56
Q

Where is the superior angle of the scapula?

A

lies opposite the T2

57
Q

where is the spine of the scapula?

A

T3

58
Q

Where does the inferior angle of the scapula lie?

A

T7

59
Q

where is the apex of the heart?

A

formed by the left ventricle and found in the fifth intercostal space

60
Q

where is the superior border of the heart?

A

point on the 2nd left costal cartilage from the edge of the sternum to a point on the 3rd right costal cartilage

61
Q

where is the right border of the heart?

A

formed by the right atrium and extends from the third right costal cartilage from the edge of the sternum downward to a point on the 6th right costal cartilage

62
Q

where is the left border of the heart?

A

formed by the left ventricle, extends form the point on the 2nd left costal cartilage from the edge of the sternum to the apex of the heart

63
Q

where is the inferior border of the heart?

A

formed by the right ventricle and the apical part of the left ventricle and extends from the 6th right costal cartilage from the sternum to the apex beat

64
Q

where is the mammary gland found in young adult females? middle aged women?

A

young: 2nd-6th rib; women: lower boarder of the pectoralis major and enters axilla

Anatomy 1: Term 1 (7 decks)

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