Anatomy 1: Lymphatic System, Bones and Nervous System Overview- Test 1 Flashcards
Efferent vessels
Carry lymph away from a node
Afferent vessels
Carry lymph to a lymph node
Where does the lymph reach the bloodstream?
At the root of the neck by large lymph vessels called right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct
Central nervous system
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves and associated ganglion
Somatic nervous system
Controls voluntary activities
Autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary activities; breaks down into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Gray matter
Consists of nerve cells embedded in neuroglia (specialized tissues)
White matter
Consists of nerve fibers (axons) embedded in neuroglia
Cauda equina
Verticals bundle of nerves that resemble a horses tail located at the roots of the lumbar and sacral nerves below the level of the termination of the cord
Anterior root of spinal nerve
Bundles of nerve fibers carrying nerve impulses away from the central nervous system and are efferent and attached to the spinal cord
Posterior root of spinal nerve
Bundles of nerve fibers that carry impulses to the central nervous system and are affront nerve fibers; attach to the spinal cord
Serous membrane
Line the cavities of the trunk and are reflected onto the mobile viscera lying within these cavities
Compact bone
Appears as a solid mass; dense bone
Cancellous
Consists if branching network of trabeculae which resists stress and strains to which the Bone is expressed
Long bones
Found in the limbs ( femur, metacarpals, humorous) and their length is greater than their width
Diaphysis of long bones
Tubular shaft that during growth is separated from the epiphysis by the epiphyseal cartilage; has a central marrow cavity containing bone marrow, and is covered by a connective tissue Sheath known as the periosteum
Epiphysis of long bone
At the ends of the diaphysis; contain the epiphyseal plate where growth occurs
Short bones
Found in the hands and feet (talus and calcaneus) and are roughly cuboidal in shape; composed of cancellous bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone
Flat bones
Found in the skull and scapula; composed of thin layers of compact bone
Irregular bones
Include bones not in any other group like the vertebrae, bones of the skull and the pelvic bones, made up of a thin layer of compact bone and inside cancellous bone
Sesamoid bones
Small nodules of bones found in certain tendons, example is the patella
Where is d bone marrow found?
Thoracic cage, bones of the skull, vertebral column, girdle bones, and the head of the femur and humerus
Hyaline cartilage
In childhood plays important role in growth at the epiphyseal plate; it is incapable of repair and is replaced with fibrous tissue
Fibrocartilage
Has many collagen fibers, small amount of matrix, and is found in discs within joints, can replace itself
Elastic cartilage
Large number of elastic fibers, very flexible and can repair itself, found in the epiglottis, auricle of ear, external auditory meats, and auditory tube
