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Locomotor System > Anatomical Planes > Flashcards

Anatomical Planes Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial

A

Towards (in the direction) the head of the animal

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2
Q

Caudal

A

Towards (in the direction) the rear of the animal. Towards the tail

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back

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4
Q

Ventral

A

towards the belly

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5
Q

Rostral

A
  • Towards the nose
  • Restricts to describing aspects of the head
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6
Q

Median Plane

A

divides body longitudinally into 2 halves

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7
Q

Sagittal (or paramedian) Planes

A

planes that run parallel to the median plane

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8
Q

Transverse Planes

A

transect the trunk, head, limb or other appendage perpendicular to its own long axis

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9
Q

Dorsal (Horizontal) Planes

A

section the trunk or other part from dorsal to ventral

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10
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the median plane (example: medial aspect of shoulder)

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane (towards the outside) - (ex: lateral aspect of the shoulder)

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12
Q

Profundus

A

Deep, or further away from the surface

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13
Q

Superficial

A

on, or more toward, the surface

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14
Q

Dexter

A

Right

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15
Q

Sinister

A

Left

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16
Q

Longus

A

Long (often used to describe muscles)

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17
Q

Brevis

A

Short (often used to describe muscles)

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18
Q

Proximal

A

DESCRIBING LIMBS- towards the trunk (body)

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19
Q

Distal

A

DESCRIBING LIMBS- Further removed from the trunk

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20
Q

The Manus

A

(Forefoot)–> carpus, metacarpals, and phalanges

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21
Q

The Pes

A

(Hindfoot) –> tarsus, metatarsals, and phalanges

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22
Q

Palmar

A

Reference to the MANUS (forefoot): towards the sole

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23
Q

Dorsal (Manus and Pes)

A

Towards the upper surface of the foot (forefoot and hindfoot)

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24
Q

Plantar

A

Towards the sole on the HINDFOOT (the Pes)

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25
Q

Proximal to the carpus and tarsus

A

Use the terms cranial and caudal rather than dorsal and palmar/plantar

26
Q

Axial

A

WHEN DESCRIBING LIMBS: closer to the central axis of the limb

axis: center line of the limb

27
Q

Abaxial

A

WHEN DESCRIBING LIMBS: away from the central axis

NOTE: axis of the limb lies between the 3rd and 4th digits

28
Q

Process (Bone projection)

A

general term for a prominence

29
Q

Tuberosity

A

large roughened projection

30
Q

Tubercle

A

a smaller projection

31
Q

Trochanter

A

term applied to a few prominences, eg of the femur

32
Q

Spine or Spinous Process

A
  • A pointed projection
  • ONLY referring to the spine
33
Q

Articular Surface (bone)

A
  • any surface of a skeletal formation (bone, cartilage) that makes normal direct contact with another skeletal structure as part of a synovial joint; bonyarticular surfaces are usually covered with articular cartilage.
  • interaction between bones
34
Q

Crest (Crista)

A

A sharp ridge

35
Q

Line (Linea)

A

a very small ridge

36
Q

Head (Caput)

A

rounded articular enlargement at the end of a bone; may be joined to the shaft by a constricted part, the neck (Collum)

37
Q

Condyle

A

a cylindrical articular eminence

38
Q

Epicondyle

A

a non-articular eminence in connection with a condyle

39
Q

Trochlea

A

a pulley-like articular mass eg. the groove on the femur in which the patella (kneecap) moves

40
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A

a shallow articular depression eg. the articular surface of the scapula

41
Q

Acetabulum

A

a deeper one eg. the articular surface of the hip

42
Q

Facet

A

Applied to articular surfaces of small extent

43
Q

Various Depressions (Bone)

A

Fossa, fovea, groove, sulcus, impression, incisura

Fossa : depression in pelvis for example

44
Q

Foramen

A

a perforation for the transmission of
blood vessels & nerves

45
Q

Sinus

A

an air-cavity within a bone or bones

46
Q

Canal, Fissure, Notch

A

self explanatory

canal –> open, shallow, area

47
Q

Muscle name describing function

A

– Its function eg M. extensor digitorum communis - extends all the digits

M. = musculatis

48
Q

Muscle name describing its position

A

– Its position eg Mm. supraspinatus and infraspinatus lie, respectively, above and below the spine of the scapula

Mm. = group of muscles

49
Q

Muscle name describing its shape

A

Its shape eg Mm. biceps, triceps and quadriceps have, respectively, 2, 3 and 4 heads

50
Q

Flexors

A

reduce the angle of a joint on contraction

51
Q

Extensors

A

increase the angle of a joint on contraction

52
Q

Adductors

A

(ADD)

bring a body part closer to the median plane

53
Q

Abductors

A

Bring a body part away from the median plane

54
Q

Pronators

A

forwards-inwards rotation

55
Q

Supinators

A

Backwards-Outwards rotation

56
Q

Levators, Depressors, Tensors

A

Self-explanatory

57
Q

Origin of Muscle

A
  • the proximal end of the muscle, or that which lies nearer the centre of axis of the body
58
Q

Insertion of muscle

A

the distal end of the muscle

NOTE: Most muscles have tendinous origins and insertions

59
Q

Aponeurosis

A
  • a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue which takes the place of a tendon in sheet-like muscles having a wide area of attachment.
  • A few muscles are attached by an aponeurosis, eg., the m. latissimus dorsi
60
Q

Radiographs

A

• When looking at a radiograph, the view is described relative to the direction of penetration by the x-ray: from the point of entry to the point of exit before striking the x-ray film.

61
Q

Contrasted X-Ray

A

Pass media through bloodstream to view on radiograph, see certain systems

62
Q

Computed Tomography

A

See different areas in different densities

Locomotor System (13 decks)

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