Anaphylaxis

Question 1

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 1

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly.

Question 2

What are the 3 types of hypersensitivity?

Answer 2

1. Type 1: Immediate reaction due to IgE antibodies.
2. Type 2: IgG or IgM mediated, causing cytotoxic effects.
3. Type 3: Involves antigen-antibody complexes, leading to delayed reactions.

Question 3

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 3

Type 1 is an immediate reaction mediated by IgE,
while Type 2 is a delayed reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.

Question 4

Describe the 3 stages of sensitization in anaphylaxis.

Answer 4

Antigen attaches to the antibody

T helper cells recruit B helper cells that attach to the antigen

Allergen enters and triggers T helper cells to recruit B helper cells in relation to antigen (IgE)

Question 5

What role do mast cells play in anaphylaxis?

Answer 5

Mast cells release histamine and other inflammatory mediators upon re-exposure to an allergen, leading to the symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Question 6

Give an example of a Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 6

Rheumatoid arthritis is an example, where antigen-antibody complexes cause inflammation in joints.

Question 7

What are the immediate symptoms of anaphylaxis?

Answer 7

difficulty breathing,
swelling of the throat,
hives
rapid drop in blood pressure.

Question 8

How does IgE contribute to anaphylaxis?

Answer 8

1) IgE binds to allergens and triggers mast cell degranulation,
2) releasing histamine
3) causing severe allergic reactions.

Question 9

What is the significance of degranulation in an allergic reaction?

Answer 9

Degranulation releases inflammatory mediators like histamine, which cause vasodilation and bronchoconstriction, leading to anaphylaxis symptoms.

Question 10

What are common triggers for anaphylaxis?

Answer 10

Common triggers include foods (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), medications (e.g., penicillin), and insect stings (e.g., bee stings).

Question 11

Describe the 3 stages of re-sensitization in anaphylaxis.

Answer 11

• Allergen enters and triggers T helper cells to recruit B helper cells in relation to antigen (IgE)
• The IgE attaches to the mast cell – like a lock and key
• Degranulation occurs – releasing CM

Question 12

What are the potential outcomes if anaphylaxis is not treated promptly?

Answer 12

Without prompt treatment, anaphylaxis can lead to shock, respiratory failure, and even death.