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Anaphy > Anaphy Nervous System > Flashcards

Anaphy Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reception of all changes happening in the surroundings that are received by parts of the brain

A

Receiving sensory input

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2
Q

What is the process that includes the reception of the signal and the processing of the response

A

Integrating information

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3
Q

What sends signals to muscles, causing them to contract or to glands, causing them to produce secretions

A

Controlling muscles and glands

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4
Q

What is present in the Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

brain and spinal chord

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5
Q

What is present in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

all the nervous tissue outside the CNS

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6
Q

What conducts action potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS

A

sensory division

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7
Q

What conducts action potentials to effector organs, such as muscles and glands

A

motor division

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8
Q

What transmits action potentials frm the CNS to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

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9
Q

What transmits action potentials from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

What is the special nervous system found only in the digestive tract

A

Enteric nervous system

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11
Q

What receives stimuli, conduct action potentials, and is also referred as the nerve cell

A

neurons

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12
Q

What are the supportive cells of the CNS and PNS

A

glial cells

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13
Q

In a neuron, What contains a single nucleus

A

cell body

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14
Q

In a neuron, What is cytoplasmic extension from the cell body, that usually receives information from other neurons and transmits the information to the cell body

A

dendrite

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15
Q

In a neuron, What is a single long cell process that leaves the cell body at the axon hillock and conducts sensory signals to the CNS and motor signals away from the CNS

A

axon

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16
Q

These neurons only have one nerve process extending from the cell body: an axon that extends into dendrited

A

unipolar

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17
Q

These neurons have many dendrites and a single axon, as well most abundant within the CNS

A

multipolar

18
Q

These neurons have 2 processes: one dendrite and one axon

A

bipolar

19
Q

These neurons have a single process extending from the cell body, which divides into 2 processed as short distance from the cell body

A

pseudo-unipolar

20
Q

What serves as the major supporting cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

21
Q

What type of cells line the cavities in the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal

22
Q

What assists the brain by providing protection, nourishment, and waste removal

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

23
Q

What are the type of cells that act in an immune function in the CNS by removing bacteria and cell debris

A

Microglial

24
Q

What provides myelin to neurons in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

25
Q

These type of cells provide myelin to neurons in the PNS

A

Schwann

26
Q

What are the specialized layers that wrap around the axons of some neurons

A

Myelin sheaths

27
Q

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath that occur about every millimeters

A

nodes of Ranvier

28
Q

What are the 2 matters that nervous exists as

A

gray and white matter

29
Q

This matter consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin. Describe their function as well

A

Gray matter; allows enabled individuals to control movement, memory, and emotions

30
Q

This matter consists of bundles on parallel axons with their myelin sheath. Describe their function as well

A

White matter; conducts, processes and send nerve signals up and down the spinal chord

31
Q

These channels are always open and ions can “leak” across the membrane down their concentration gradient

A

leak channels

32
Q

These channels are closed until opened by specific signals

A

gated channels

33
Q

These channels are opened by neurotransmitters or other chemicals

A

chemically gated channels

34
Q

These channels are opened by a change in membrane potential

A

voltage-gated channels

35
Q

What compensates for the constant leakage of ions through leak channels

A

sodium-potassium pump

36
Q

What is the neuronal pathway by which a reflex occurs and has 5 basic components

A

reflex arc

37
Q

List the Reflex Arc Components

A

sensory receptor
sensory neuron
interneurons
motor neuron
effector organ (muscles or glands)

note: the simplest reflex arcs do not involve interneurons

38
Q

This is a simple pathway in which 2 o more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron

A

converging pathway

39
Q

This is a simple pathway in which an axon from one neuron divides and synapses with more than one other postsynaptic neuron

A

diverging pathway

40
Q

What is the total effect that various potentials altogether

A

summation

41
Q

What is generated by multiple presynaptic neurons

A

spatial summation

42
Q

What is generated by a single presynaptic neuron

A

temporal summation

Anaphy (7 decks)

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