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Anaphy > Anaphy Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Anaphy Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cell Structure

A

specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions

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2
Q

Describe cytoplasm

A

jelly-like substance that holds organelles

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3
Q

Describe Cell Membrane

A

also termed plasma membrane
a structure that encloses the cytoplasm

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4
Q

List the Functions of the Cell

A

smallest units if life
cell metabolism and energy use
synthesis of molecules
reproduction and inheritance

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5
Q

What includes the mechanisms; diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

A

passive membrane transport

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6
Q

What includes the mechanisms; active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

A

active membrane transport

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7
Q

Diffusion generally involves movement of substances in a solution down a _________?

A

concentration gradient

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8
Q

What is concentration gradient

A

the difference in the concentration of solvent and solution

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9
Q

What is the diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

A

osmosis

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10
Q

What is called when osmosis exerts a pressure

A

osmotic pressure

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11
Q

What is it called when theres more concentration of solute inside a cell

A

hypotonic

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12
Q

What is called when a cell has the same solute concentrations inside and outside

A

isotonic

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13
Q

What is a carrier-mediated process that requires ATP

A

active transport

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14
Q

What is the process that brings materials into a cell using vesicles

A

endocytosis

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15
Q

What occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

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16
Q

What is often used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

A

phagocytosis

17
Q

What has much smaller vesicles formed and contain liquid rather than solid particles

A

Pinocytosis

18
Q

What is the process that involves the use of secretory vesicles

A

exocytosis

19
Q

What are the membrane-bound sacs used during exocytosis called

A

secretory vesicles

20
Q

What is involved in protein synthesis and is rough due to attached ribosomes

A

rough ER

21
Q

What has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and it stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells

A

smooth ER

22
Q

What is the process which synthesizes a protein by using the information in a gene

A

gene expression

23
Q

What is a DNA molecule consisted of

A

nucleotides joined together to form 2 nucleotide strands

24
Q

What involves copying DNA into messenger RNA

A

transcription

25
Q

What involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein

A

Translation

26
Q

What are the 2 categories of Nitrogenous Bases and list what they contain for both

A

Purines - adenine, guanine

Pyrimidines - cytosine, uracil, thymine

27
Q

List the DNA and RNA nucleotides pairs

A

DNA thymine and RNA adenine
DNA adenine and RNA uracil
DNA cytosine and RNA guanine
DNA guanine and RNA cytosine

28
Q

What occurs to increase the number of cells or replace damaged or dying one

A

cell division

29
Q

What are the 2 major phases in the cell cycle

A

interphase and mitosis

30
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does each human cell contain (except sperm and egg cells)

A

23 pairs, total of 46

31
Q

How many total chromosomes do the sperm and egg contain

A

23

32
Q

If a pair of chromosomes consists of 2 X chromosomes, what is the gender of the person

A

female

33
Q

If a pair of chromosomes consists of 1 X and 1 Y chromosomes, what is the gender of the person

A

male

34
Q

What are the 4 phases is mitosis divided into

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

35
Q

What is the process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions called

A

differentiation

36
Q

What is termed programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

37
Q

List the Cellular Aspects of Aging

A

existence of a cellular clock
presence of death genes
DNA damage
formation of free radicals
mitochondrial damage

38
Q

What are abnormal proliferations of cells

A

tumors

Anaphy (7 decks)

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