Anaphy Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is Matter
anything that occupies space
What is Mass
amount of matter in an object
What is Weight
gravitational force acting on an object
What is a Proton
subatomic particles that has positively charged ion
What is an Electron
subatomic particle that has negatively charged ion
What is Neutron
subatomic particles with no charge, neutral
What is an Atomic Number
number of protons in an atom
What is Mass Number
number of protons and neutrons in each atom,
# of protons + # of neutrons
How does a Chemical Bond occur
when outermost electrons transfer or shared between atoms
How does an Ionic Bond occur
when there is an attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions
How does a Covalent Bond occur
when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
What are the 2 types of Covalent Bonds
polar and non polar
Describe a Polar Bond
type of covalent bond between 2 atoms in which electrons are shared unequally
Describe a Non Polar Bond
type of covalent bond between 2 atoms in which share electrons equally
What is a Hydrogen Bond
attractions of electrostatic force caused by the difference in charge between slightly positive hydrogen ions and other, slightly negative ions
How does a Chemical Reaction occur
when there is a formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds
What are Reactants
substances that enter into the reaction
What are Products
substances that result from the reaction
What are the Types of Chemical Reactions and define them
Synthesis reaction:
Build a new molecule
Energy-requiring
Example: ADP + P -> ATP
Decomposition reaction:
break down molecule
energy-releasing
Example: ATP -> ADP + P
Exchange reaction:
combination of synthesis and decomposition reactions
Example: AB + CD= AC + BD
What is Chemical Energy
a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds
List Factors that can influence the rate of a Chemical Reaction
Concentration of Reactants
Temperature
Catalyst
Describe Acid and Bases
Acid: a proton H+ donor
pH below 7
Example: HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Base: a proton H+ acceptor
pH above 7
Example: NaOH (sodium hydroxide)
Acid: changes blue litmus paper to red
Base: red litmus paper turns blue under basic
What is the Difference between Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic deals with substances that do no contain carbon
Organic deals with of carbon-containing substances
What are the 4 major groups of organic molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
