Anaphy Chapter 2

Question 1

What is Matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space

Question 2

What is Mass

Answer 2

amount of matter in an object

Question 3

What is Weight

Answer 3

gravitational force acting on an object

Question 4

What is a Proton

Answer 4

subatomic particles that has positively charged ion

Question 5

What is an Electron

Answer 5

subatomic particle that has negatively charged ion

Question 6

What is Neutron

Answer 6

subatomic particles with no charge, neutral

Question 7

What is an Atomic Number

Answer 7

number of protons in an atom

Question 8

What is Mass Number

Answer 8

number of protons and neutrons in each atom,
# of protons + # of neutrons

Question 9

How does a Chemical Bond occur

Answer 9

when outermost electrons transfer or shared between atoms

Question 10

How does an Ionic Bond occur

Answer 10

when there is an attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions

Question 11

How does a Covalent Bond occur

Answer 11

when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 12

What are the 2 types of Covalent Bonds

Answer 12

polar and non polar

Question 13

Describe a Polar Bond

Answer 13

type of covalent bond between 2 atoms in which electrons are shared unequally

Question 14

Describe a Non Polar Bond

Answer 14

type of covalent bond between 2 atoms in which share electrons equally

Question 15

What is a Hydrogen Bond

Answer 15

attractions of electrostatic force caused by the difference in charge between slightly positive hydrogen ions and other, slightly negative ions

Question 16

How does a Chemical Reaction occur

Answer 16

when there is a formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds

Question 17

What are Reactants

Answer 17

substances that enter into the reaction

Question 18

What are Products

Answer 18

substances that result from the reaction

Question 19

What are the Types of Chemical Reactions and define them

Answer 19

Synthesis reaction:
Build a new molecule
Energy-requiring
Example: ADP + P -> ATP

Decomposition reaction:
break down molecule
energy-releasing
Example: ATP -> ADP + P

Exchange reaction:
combination of synthesis and decomposition reactions
Example: AB + CD= AC + BD

Question 20

What is Chemical Energy

Answer 20

a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 21

List Factors that can influence the rate of a Chemical Reaction

Answer 21

Concentration of Reactants
Temperature
Catalyst

Question 22

Describe Acid and Bases

Answer 22

Acid: a proton H+ donor
pH below 7
Example: HCl (hydrochloric acid)

Base: a proton H+ acceptor
pH above 7
Example: NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

Acid: changes blue litmus paper to red
Base: red litmus paper turns blue under basic

Question 23

What is the Difference between Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

Answer 23

Inorganic deals with substances that do no contain carbon

Organic deals with of carbon-containing substances

Question 24

What are the 4 major groups of organic molecules

Answer 24

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 25

What are the Carbohydrates Functions

Answer 25

short-term energy storage
converted to glucose quickly
glucose is used to make ATP (energy)
brain cells require glucose

Question 26

What are the Protein Functions

Answer 26

used to make skin, hair, nails, and muscles
act as enzymes
immune system functions
muscle contractions (actin and myosin)

Question 27

What are the Lipid Functions

Answer 27

help with moving and story energy
absorb vitamins
make hormones

Question 28

What are Nucleic Acid Functions

Answer 28

involves the storage and expression of genomic information

Question 29

What are Enzymes

Answer 29

organic catalysts that increase the rate at which biochemical reactions proceed without the enzyme being permanently charged