Anaphy Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Anatomy
investigating body structure
term means to dissect
What is Physiology
investigates processes and functions
studies the human organism
What is the importance of Anatomy and Physiology
Understand how the body:
responds to stimuli
environmental changes
environmental cues
diseases
injury
What are the 4 types of Anatomy
Systemic:
studies body organ-systems
Regional:
Studies body regions (medical schools)
Surface:
Studies external features, for example, bone projections
Anatomical imaging:
Using technologies (x-rays, ultrasound, MRI)
What are the levels of Structural and Functional Organization
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems (Organ-Systems)
Organism
List the 12 major organs of the body
Brain
Spinal Chord
Lungs
Heart
Liver
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Gall Bladder
Large Intestine
Small Intestine
Urinary Bladder
List the 11 organ-systems
Reproductive
Urinary
Nervous
Muscular
Respiratory
Skeletal
Lymphatic
Integumentary
Digestive
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
List the Characteristics of Life
Organization
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Growth
Development
Reproduction
Define Homeostasis
maintenance of constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external or internal environment, maintains balance
List the 3 Variables of Body Properties
Body Temp
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Describe the Anatomical Positions
person standing erect with face and palms forward
all relational descriptions based on the anatomical position, regardless of body orientation
List the Directional Terms
Superior
Inferior
Posterior (ventral)
Anterior (dorsal)
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Define Superior and Inferior
Superior - above
Inferior - below
Define Anterior and Posterior
Anterior - front
Posterior - back
Define Medial and Lateral
Medial - close to midline
Lateral - away from midline
Define Proximal and Distal
Proximal - close to point of attachment
Distal - far from point of attachment
Define Superficial and Deep
Superficial - structure close to the surface
Deep - structure toward the interior of the body
List and Define the 4 Body Planes
Sagittal plane: separates the body
into right and left parts
Median plane: a sagittal plane along the midline that divides body into equal left and right halves
Transverse plane: a horizontal plane that separates the body into superior and inferior parts.
Frontal plane: a vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts.
What is present in this Body Region (Upper Limbs)
upper arm, forearms, wrists, hands
What is present in this Body Region (Lower Limbs)
thighs, lower legs, ankles. feet
What is present in this Body Region (Central Region)
head, neck, trunk
List the Subdivisions of the Abdomen
These planes divide the abdomen into nine regions; right and left hypochondriac regions, epigastric region, umbilical region, right and left lateral regions of abdomen, hypogastric region, and right and left inguinal regions.
List the Body Cavities
Thoracic Activity
Mediastinum
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
