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ANAPHY: Lymphatic System and Body Defenses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two (2) two semi-independent parts of the Lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymphatic vessel
  2. Lymphoid tissues and organs
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2
Q

Give two (2) functions of the Lymphatic system

A

Transports escaped fluids from cardiovascular system back to the blood and plays essential roles in body defense and resistance to diseases.

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3
Q

Consists of excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins carried by lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph

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4
Q

________ occurs as fluid accumulates in tissues.

A

Edema (swelling/pamamanas)

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5
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic vessels (lymphatics)

A

pick up excess fluid (lymph) and return it to the blood

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5
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic vessels (lymphatics)

A

pick up excess fluid (lymph) and return it to the blood

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6
Q

Form a one-way system and lymph flows only toward the heart

A

Lymphatic vessels (lymphatics)

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7
Q

Weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries

A

Lymph capillaries

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8
Q

Give three (3) more functions of the lymph capillaries aside from the weave between tissue cells etc.

A

Walls overlap to form flaplike minivalves, capillaries are anchored to connective tissue by filaments, and higher pressure on the inside closes minivalves

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9
Q

What is the Lymphatic collecting vessels

A
  • Collect lymph from lymph capillaries
  • Carries lymph to and away from lymph nodes
  • Return fluid to circulatory veins near the heart
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10
Q

Two ducts in the lymphatic collecting vessels

A

Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct

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11
Q

Drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

A

Right lymphatic duct

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12
Q

Drains lymph from the rest of the body

A

Thoracic duct

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13
Q

Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins of the cardiovascular system because…

A
  • thin-walled
  • larger vessels have valves
  • low-pressure pumpless system
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14
Q

Lymph transport is aided by:

A
  • Milking action of skeletal muscle
  • Pressure changes in thorax during breathing
  • Smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics
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15
Q

Filter lymph before it is returned to the blood

A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

What ar the harmful materials filtered by lymph nodes?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Cancer cells
  • Cell debris
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17
Q

What are the defense cells within lymph nodes?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Lymphocytes
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18
Q

Engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in lymph

A

Macrophages

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19
Q

Respond to foreign substances in lymph

A

Lymphocytes

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19
Q

Respond to foreign substances in lymph

A

Lymphocytes

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20
Q

Descriptions about lymph nodes

A
  • kidney-shaped
  • less than 1 inch long
  • buried in connective tissue
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21
Q

Cortex (outer part) of the Lymphatic nodes cointains…

A
  • Contains follicles - collection of “lymphocytes”
  • Germinal centerns enlarge when antibodies are released by plasma cells
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22
Q

Medulla (inner part) of the Lymphatic nodes contains…

A

Contains phagocytic “macrophages”

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23
Flow of lymph through nodes
1. Enters through afferent lymphatic vessels 2. Flows through sinuses inside node 3. Exits through efferent lymphatic vessels
24
Other lymphoid organs? Give 5
STTPA - Spleen - Thymus - Tonsils - Peyer's patchers - Appendix
25
Other lymphoid organs? Give 5
STTPA - Spleen (left side ng stomach) - Thymus - Tonsils - Peyer's patchers - Appendix
26
Filters and cleans blood of bacteria, virus, and debris
Spleen
27
Found overlying in the heart and prduces T-lymphocytes
Thymus
28
Small masses of lymphoid tissue deep to the mucosa surrounding the pharynx (throat)
Tonsils
29
______ results when the tonsils become congested with bacteria
Tonsillitis
30
Found in the wall of the small intestine and has macrophages
Peyer's patches
31
Found in the wall of the small intestine and contain macrophages
Peyer's patches
32
What does MALT mean?
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
33
What organs are included in Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
- Peyer's patches - Tonsils - Appendix
34
Acts as a sentinel (indicator of disease) to protect respiratory and digestive tracts
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
35
What are Innate (nonspecific) defense system?
- Protects against a variety of invaders - Responds immediately
36
What are Adaptive (specific) defense system?
- Fights invaders that get past innate system - Specific defense for each type of invader
37
Highly specific resistance to disease is ______
Immunity
38
Mechanical barriers to pathogens
Innate body defenses
39
Innate body defenses include:
- Body surface coverings (intact skin and mucous membranes) - Specialized human cells - Chemicals produces by the body
40
Provide the first line of defense against invasion of microorganisms
Surface membrane barriers
40
First line of defense against invasion of microorganisms
Surface membrane barriers
41
Second line of defense
Cells and chemicals (Natural killer cells and phagocytes)
42
_____ lyse (burst) and kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells.
Natural killer (NK) cells
43
NK cells release chemicals called _____ and ______ to degrade target cell contents
perforin and granzymes
44
Triggered when body tissues are injured
Inflammatory response
45
Four most common indicators (cardinal signs) of acute inflammation
RHPS - Redness - Heat - Pain - Swelling (edema)
46
Damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals called ____ and ____
Histamine and Kinin
47
Functions of the inflammatory response
- Prevents spread of damaging agents - Disposes of cell debris and pathogen thru phagocytosis - Sets the stage for repair
48
Most important types of antimicrobial proteins
- Complement proteins - Interferon
49
What does MAC mean?
Membrane Attack Complex
50
Small proteins secreted by virus-infected cells
Interferon
50
Small proteins secreted by virus-infected cells
Interferon
51
Complement proteins are 20 ______
plasma proteins
52
Abnormally high body temperature
Fever
53
________ regulates body temperature at 37°C
Hypothalamus
54
The hypothalamus thermostat can be reset higher by _______ (secreted by WBC)
pyrogens
55
Why does our body get hotter when something is wrong with the body?
- It is because high temperature inibits the release of iron and zinc (needed by bacteria) from the liver and spleen. Also, fever increases the speed of repair
56
Third line of defense
Adaptive body defenses
57
Three aspects of adaptive defense
1. Antigen-specific 2. Systemic 3. Memory
58
Two arms of the adative body defense system
1. Humoral immunity - antibody-mediated immunity 2. Cellular immunity - cell-mediated immunity
59
Any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response
Antigens

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