ANAPHY LEC L2

Question 1

Nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of AMINO ACID

Answer 1

PROTEIN

Question 2

Its biological properties depend on its physical interaction with other molecules

Answer 2

PROTEIN

Question 2

*Structural proteins
*Major building materials for cells.
*Insoluble in water
*e.g. keratin, collagen, elastin

Answer 2

FIBROUS PROTEINS

Question 2

*Functional proteins
*Perform functional roles in the body
*Soluble in water
*e.g. enzymes, hemoglobin, insulin

Answer 2

GLOBULAR PROTEINS

Question 3

Messenger and decoder of DNA.

Since ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) are outside the nucleus (where autosomal DNA is located), RNA carries the instructions.

Has a Uracil (U) base instead of Thymine (T).

Answer 3

ROLE OF DNA

Question 4

*Blueprint for protein structure.
*DNA segment that carries the information for building one protein

Answer 4

GENES

Question 5

WHAT DNA IS THIS? Helps form ribosomes where proteins are built.

Answer 5

1. rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE 3 VARIETIES OF DNA?

Answer 6

1. rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
2. mRNA (Messenger RNA)
3. tRNA (Transfer RNA)

Question 7

“From one format to another”
Transfer of information from DNA bases into complementary sequence of mRNA
TEMPLATE = DNA
PRODUCT = mRNA

Answer 7

TRANSCIPTION

Question 7

“From one language to another”

The language of nucleic acids (base sequence) is translated into the language of proteins (amino acids sequence).

Answer 7

TRANSLATION

Question 7

WHAT DNA IS THIS? Resembles half of a DNA molecule.

Carry the instruction from DNA to the ribosomes

Answer 7

2. mRNA (Messenger RNA)

Question 8

WHAT DNA IS THIS? Escort amino acids to the ribosome.

Answer 8

3. tRNA (Transfer RNA)

Question 9

A selectively permeable barrier.
It can allow other substance to pass through it while excluding others.

Answer 9

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE 3 ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Answer 10

SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP

VESICULAR TRANSPORT

RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE 2 PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

Answer 10

DIFFUSION

FILTRATION

Question 11

Molecules and ions move away from areas of higher concentration into areas of lower concentration.

Answer 11

DIFFUSION

Question 12

Simple diffusion
Fat-soluble proteins directly through the phospholipid bilayer.

Answer 12

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Question 12

Diffusion of water through a specific channel protein (aquaporins) or through a lipid bilayer.

Answer 12

Osmosis

Question 13

Through a channel protein; mostly ions selected on basis of size and charge.

Answer 13

Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 14

Via protein carrier specific for one chemical; binding of substrate causes shape change in transport protein.

Answer 14

Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Follow a pressure gradient which pushes solute-containing fluid from the higher pressure area to the lower pressure area.

Answer 15

FILTRATION

Question 16

2 TYPES OF VESICULAR TRANSPORT

Answer 16

EXOCYTOSIS
ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 17

Processes that requires ATP to move substances across the membrane.

Answer 17

ACTIVE PROCESSES

Question 18

Allow substances to move against the concentration gradient.

Answer 18

Solute pumps

Question 19

Maintains membrane potential - the gradient of a higher concentration of sodium extracellularly and a higher level of potassium intracellularly.

Answer 19

Sodium-potassium pumps

Question 20

Move the substances out of cells.
E.g. hormones, mucus, waste

Answer 20

EXOCYTOSIS

Question 21

Take up or engulf extracellular substances.
E.g. nutrient absorption, pathogen digestion

Answer 21

ENDOCYTOSIS