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7th Grade Science > Analyzing Ecosystems Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Analyzing Ecosystems Pt. 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is weathering?

A

The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces

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2
Q

What is physical vs. chemical weathering

A

In physical weathering, there is no change to the composition, but there is in chemical weathering

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3
Q

What are different methods of physical weathering?

A
  1. abrasion- grinding away of rock by rock particles
  2. ice wedging
  3. exfoliating- to peel in sheets (enchanted rock is an example)
  4. plant growth
  5. animal action
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4
Q

What are different methods of chemical weathering

A
  1. water
  2. oxidation- O2 reacts with minerals, rusting
  3. carbonation- carbonic acid
  4. living organisms- produce weak acids
  5. acid rain- burning fossil fuels releases chemicals into air that react with water
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5
Q

What is erosion?

A

movement of sediment from one place to another

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6
Q

What are different types of erosion?

A
  1. gravity- landslides, slump, and mudflows
  2. running water- #1 agent in erosion
  3. wind
  4. glaciers
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7
Q

What is deposition?

A

the laying down of sediment in a new location

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8
Q

Where does deposition primarily occur?

A

In flat areas like deltas

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9
Q

What is abrasion?

A

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity

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10
Q

What is ice wedging?

A

water freezes and expands, acting like a wedge that pushes open cracks in rocks

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11
Q

What is exfoliation?

A

layers of rock crack and flake off when pressure is removed from the rock

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12
Q

What is plant growth?

A

roots grow into cracks in rocks and pry cracks farther apart

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13
Q

What is animal action?

A

animals burrowing breaks apart rocks in the soil

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14
Q

What is oxidation?

A

oxygen reacts with minerals (iron) in some rocks

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15
Q

What is carbonation?

A

carbon dioxide and water form carbonic acid which reacts with minerals (marble and limestone) in some rocks

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16
Q

What is acid rain?

A

burning fossil fuels releases chemicals into the air that react with water to form acids which can dissolve rocks

17
Q

What are the 11 Texas Ecoregions?

A
  1. Piney Woods
  2. Post Oak Savannah
  3. Blackland Prairie
  4. Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes
  5. Coastal Sand Plain
  6. South Texas Brush County
  7. Edwards Plateau
  8. Llano Uplift
  9. Rolling Plains
  10. High Plains
  11. Trans Pecos
18
Q

What are effects of hurricanes and typhoons?

A
  1. An increase in the amount of beach erosion; increases competition for space and resources
  2. animals are displaced or killed
  3. animals lose their habitats
  4. vegetation is destroyed
19
Q

What is a flood?

A

Erosion of soil and deposition of sediment by flood waters that also transport organisms to a new habitat

20
Q

What is a tornado?

A

A rotating column of air that causes a lot of destruction, such as loss of vegetation and erosion of land

21
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

a sudden shift in the earth’s crust

22
Q

What is a tsunami?

A

a large ocean wave causes by an underwater earthquake

23
Q

What is a volcanic eruption?

A

an opening in the earth’s crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are released

24
Q

What is a drought?

A

a long period with no rain

25
Q

What is a wildfire caused by?

A

can be caused by lightning or human activity

26
Q

What is a watershed?

A

where surface water and groundwater drains into a particular body of water separated from each other by drainage divides

27
Q

what is groundwater?

A

located beneath the earth’s surface -> supplies wells adn springs

28
Q

what is an aquifer?

A

a layer of permeable rock that retains and filters water

29
Q

What is heredity?

A

the passage of genetic information from parents to offspring

30
Q

Where is genetic information located?

A

in the cell’s nucleus

31
Q

what is homozygous

A

both alleles are the same; PUREBRED

32
Q

what is heterozygous?

A

both alleles are different; HYBRID

33
Q

Characteristics of asexual reproduction:

A

1 parent
offspring genetically identical

ex: amoeba

34
Q

Characteristics of sexual reproduction:

A

2 parents
offspring has genetic variety

ex: mammals

35
Q

What is a genotype?

A

an organism’s code or genetic makeup

36
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

an organism’s physical appearance/visible traits

7th Grade Science (15 decks)

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