ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Question 1

A ____ only partially ionizes when dissolved in
water. H2CO3 is an example

Answer 1

weak electrolyte

Question 2

The _____ of a Brønsted-Lowry base is the potential proton donator formed
when a Brønsted-Lowry base accepts a proton.

Answer 2

conjugate acid

Question 3

An _____ solvent can act either as an acid or a base. Water is an example.

Answer 3

amphiprotic

Question 4

_______ is self-ionization of a solvent to produce both
a conjugate acid and a conjugate base.

Answer 4

Autoprotolysis

Question 5

The ________ states that the position of an
equilibrium always shifts in such a direction to relieve
an applied stress.

Answer 5

Le Châtelier principle

Question 6

  A ________ solvent is one in which a series of acids (or bases)
all dissociate completely. Water is an example since HCl
and HClO4 dissociate completely.

Answer 6

leveling

Question 7

______ of a solution is defined as the number of moles
of a strong acid (or a strong base) that causes 1.00 L of a buffer
to undergo a 1.00-unit change in pH.

Answer 7

Buffer capacity

Question 8

_______ is the process by which a solid phase forms and is carried out of
solution when the solubility product of a chemical species is exceeded.

Answer 8

Precipitation

Question 9

_____________
is a process in which normally soluble compounds are carried out of solution during
precipitate formation.

Answer 9

Coprecipitation

Question 10

_____ is a type of coprecipitation in which a compound is trapped within a
pocket formed during rapid crystal formation

Answer 10

Occlusion

Question 11

_______ is also a type of
coprecipitation in which a contaminant ion replaces an ion in the crystal lattice

Answer 11

Mixed-crystal formation

Question 12

________ is a process in which a precipitate is heated in the presence of the solution
from which it was formed (the mother liquor). It improves the purity and
filterability of the precipitate.

Answer 12

Digestion

Question 13

In _____, the filtered solid precipitate is redissolved and reprecipitated.
Because the concentration of the impurity in the new solution is lower, the second
precipitate contains less coprecipitated impurity.

Answer 13

reprecipitation

Question 14

The _______ describes a layer of solution containing sufficient excess
negative ions that surrounds a charged particle. This balances the
surface charge on the particle.

Answer 14

counter-ion layer

Question 15

____ describes an unstable state in which a solution contains higher solute
concentration than a saturated solution. It is relieved by precipitation of
excess solute

Answer 15

Supersaturation

Question 16

A ____ is an organic compound that contains two or more electron-donor
groups located in such a configuration that five- or six-membered rings are formed when
the donor groups complex a cation.

Answer 16

chelating agent

Question 17

What variables can cause the pH range of an indicator
to shift?

Answer 17

Temperature, ionic strength, the presence of organic solvents,
and colloidal particles

Question 18

_______are titrations based on the formation of precipitates with
standard solutions of silver nitrate. An example is the titration of a halide ion with silver
nitrate to form the isoluble silver halide

Answer 18

Argentometric titrations

Question 19

A solution is basic if:
a. [OH-] > 0
b. [OH-] = 1x10-7M
c. [OH-] > [H+]
d. [OH-] > 1x10-7M

Answer 19

c. [OH-] > [H+]

Question 20

Water at room temperature usually has a slightly acidic pH. This is largely attributed to what compound(s)?
a. Sulfuric acid
b. Dissolved metals
c. Carbonic acid
d. Nitric acid

Answer 20

c. Carbonic acid

Question 21

When benzoic acid dissolves in water, it partially reacts with water and ionizes to form benzoate and hydronium ions. In this reaction, what is the conjugate acid?
a. Benzoate ions
b. Hydronium ions
c. Water
d. Benzoic acid

Answer 21

b. Hydronium ions

Question 22

Define a salt in terms of acid and base.
a. A salt is a compound that follows Le Chatelier’s Principle in reactions with
other compounds.
b. All of these
c. A salt is a compound formed when the nucleus of a hydrogen tom enters a quantity of water.
d. A salt is a compound (other than water) produced by the reaction of an acid and a base.

Answer 22

d. A salt is a compound (other than water) produced by the reaction of an acid and a base.

Question 23

When a can of soda is opened and CO2 is released to the atmosphere, what is the resultant pH of the soda?
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. The same
d. Allthese

Answer 23

b. Increases