Analysis of the Earth and Environment Lecture 9: Age of the Earth and Thermal energy

Question 1

What is the Kelvin conversion

Answer 1

0Kelvin = -273 degrees celcius

Question 2

What is absolute zero?
And its value?

Answer 2

Absolute zero is the lowest temperature any object can achieve.

Absolute zero = 0 degrees kelvin/-273 degrees centigrade

Question 3

Define heat (joules)

Answer 3

Heat (Joules) is a measure of the transfer of energy between molecules in a substance.

Question 4

What are the three laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 4

First law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Second law: Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a material with lower temperature to one with higher temperatures

Third law: The entropy of a substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches 0/ Temperatures cannot go under absolute 0

Question 5

What were the three theories for the age of the Earth

Answer 5

Bishop James Usher
The Begats/ Used bible to make estimation

Sunday 23rd October, 4004 BC

James Hutton suggested that “no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end”.

Lord Kelvin suggested that the Earth was less than 100 million years old.

Question 6

What are the three key mechanisms of Heat transfer

Answer 6

Radiation, Convection, and Conduction

Question 7

Define Conduction

Answer 7

The transfer of heat through solid materials

Question 8

Define convection

Answer 8

Heating up air around/inside, air rises up around convects around area/room.

Heat transport by mass movement of a fluid.

For example, the Gulf stream

Question 9

Define and explain specific heat

Answer 9

Specific heat is the maximum level of heat an object can handle without changing state.

Question 10

What is the equation for specific heat

Answer 10

Q=m x c x (change in temp)

Q = heat energy

M = Mass

C = Specific heat capacity