Analysing Adaptations for Respiration 1.12

Question 1

What are organelles?

Answer 1

Cells with a special function

Question 2

What are mitochondria described as?

Answer 2

‘Powerhouses’

Question 3

Why are mitochondria called the powerhouses of the cell?

Answer 3

They are at the site of respiration.

Question 4

What are mitochondria?

Answer 4

Sausage-shaped organelles found in most plant and animal cells where respiration is carried out providing the cells with energy.

Question 5

With which type of microscope could you see mitochondria?

Answer 5

A electron microscope

Question 6

How many membranes does mitochondria have?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

What does the outer membrane do?

Answer 7

The outer membrane surrounds the entire organelle.

Question 8

What does the inner membrane do?

Answer 8

The inner one is highly folded.

Question 9

On the inner membrane, what are the tips of the folds called?

Answer 9

Cristae

Question 10

What happens on the cristae?

Answer 10

Respiration

Question 11

What does folding do?

Answer 11

Folding increases the number of cristae, maximising the amount of respiration that can take place.

Question 12

What is the matrix?

Answer 12

The fluid inside the mitochondrion.

Question 13

What does the matrix contain?

Answer 13

The enzymes essential for respiration.

Question 14

What are enzymes?

Answer 14

Substance that speeds up a chemical process in the body.

Question 15

What is the average number of mitochondria for a muscle cell?

Answer 15

1900

Question 16

What is the average number of mitochondria for red blood cells?

Answer 16

0

Question 17

What is the average number of mitochondria for a liver cell?

Answer 17

1300

Question 18

What is the average number of mitochondria for a skin cell?

Answer 18

800

Question 19

What is the average number of mitochondria for a mucus cell?

Answer 19

180

Question 20

What happens when mitochondria doesn’t function properly?

Answer 20

Then cells do not get the energy that they need

Question 21

What happens when a mitochondrial disease occurs?

Answer 21

Little or no respiration takes place in the mitochondria.

Question 22

Which organs are affected the most by a mitochondrial disease?

Answer 22

The heart, liver and brain

Question 23

What are the symptoms of a mitochondrial disease?

Answer 23

The symptoms are variable, depending on which mitochondria are affected.

Question 24

How is a mitochondrial disease caused?

Answer 24

By a fault in inherited material.