Analysing Adaptations for Respiration 1.12 Flashcards
What are organelles?
Cells with a special function
What are mitochondria described as?
‘Powerhouses’
Why are mitochondria called the powerhouses of the cell?
They are at the site of respiration.
What are mitochondria?
Sausage-shaped organelles found in most plant and animal cells where respiration is carried out providing the cells with energy.
With which type of microscope could you see mitochondria?
A electron microscope
How many membranes does mitochondria have?
2
What does the outer membrane do?
The outer membrane surrounds the entire organelle.
What does the inner membrane do?
The inner one is highly folded.
On the inner membrane, what are the tips of the folds called?
Cristae
What happens on the cristae?
Respiration
What does folding do?
Folding increases the number of cristae, maximising the amount of respiration that can take place.
What is the matrix?
The fluid inside the mitochondrion.
What does the matrix contain?
The enzymes essential for respiration.
What are enzymes?
Substance that speeds up a chemical process in the body.
What is the average number of mitochondria for a muscle cell?
1900
What is the average number of mitochondria for red blood cells?
0
What is the average number of mitochondria for a liver cell?
1300
What is the average number of mitochondria for a skin cell?
800
What is the average number of mitochondria for a mucus cell?
180
What happens when mitochondria doesn’t function properly?
Then cells do not get the energy that they need
What happens when a mitochondrial disease occurs?
Little or no respiration takes place in the mitochondria.
Which organs are affected the most by a mitochondrial disease?
The heart, liver and brain
What are the symptoms of a mitochondrial disease?
The symptoms are variable, depending on which mitochondria are affected.
How is a mitochondrial disease caused?
By a fault in inherited material.
