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Year 3 Surgery > Anaesthetics > Flashcards

Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is balanced anaesthesia?

A

The practice of using a combination of techniques and drugs to provide the optimal conditions for surgery

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2
Q

What are the three key components of effective anaesthesia?

A

Analgesia
Anaesthesia
Muscle Relaxation

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3
Q

What classes/types of drugs can be used for anaesthesia?

A

IV Induction Agents
Inhalational anaesthetic agents
Muscle relaxants
Opioids

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4
Q

What is the purpose of IV induction?

A

To transition the patient from awake to anaesthatised

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5
Q

When can inhalational induction of anaesthesia be recommended/used?

A

With children, since IV cannulation can be difficult/stressful

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6
Q

What are some commonly used IV anaesthesia induction agents?

A

Thiopentone
Propofol
Ketamine

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7
Q

What is Thiopentone?

A

A short-acting barbiturate

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8
Q

How does Thiopentone work?

A

Causes neuronal hyperpolarisation and inhibition through GABA receptors

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9
Q

What is Propofol?

A

A Phenolic derivative

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10
Q

How is Propofol thought to work?

A

Sodium Channel Blocker, prolonging the opening time of Sodium channels thereby reducing the speed of transmission

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11
Q

Other than in theatre, when else is propofol sometimes used?

A

ICU for sedation as a Propofol infusion

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12
Q

What is Ketamine?

A

NDMA receptor antagonist

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13
Q

What effects does Ketamine have?

A

SNS Stimulation

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14
Q

Why is Ketamine often used with unstable/trauma patients?

A

Does not cause respiratory depression, so is viewed as a “safer” option

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15
Q

When are inhalational anaesthetic agents used?

A

For maintenance of anaesthesia

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16
Q

What are some common examples of inhalational anaesthetics?

A 
Nitrous Oxide (Entenox)
Halothane
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
Desflurane
17
Q

Why are muscle relaxants given with anaesthesia?

A

Makes endotracheal intubation easier, improves operating conditions

18
Q

When may anaesthesia not include muscle relaxants?

A

If the procedure is likely to be short, or is a superficial procedure

19
Q

What are some common examples of muscle relaxants?

A

Suxamethonium
Mivaricurium
Vecuronium
Rocuronium

20
Q

How does Suxamethonium work?

A

Acts as an ACh agonist at the neuromuscular junction, prolonging depolarisation leading to muscle relaxation

Year 3 Surgery (10 decks)

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