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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When and where did photoautotrophs evolve

A

3.2 million years ago in shallow water

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2
Q

What offered photoautotrophs an unlimited supply of energy

A

sunlight

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2
Q

what is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration

A

oxygen

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3
Q

This is an example of a catabolic pathway because it releases stored energy by breaking down complex molecules (ex: Glucose is broken down to help produce ATP)

A

Cellular respiration

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4
Q

This takes place in the presence of oxygen, evolved after oxygen was added to Earth’s atmosphere

A

Aerobic respiration

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5
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place

A

mitochondria

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5
Q

This takes place without oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

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6
Q

where does anaerobic respiration take place

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

In Aerobic respiration, ___ is consumed as a reactant

A

oxygen

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8
Q

this is the most efficient because it can provide a high amount of adenosine triphosphate or ATP

A

aerobic respiration

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9
Q

what provides the fuels for respiration

A

the food we eat

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10
Q

→Partial degradation of sugars and
other organic fuel
→ No oxygen
→ It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
→ It also produce various products depending on the microbes
★ AppleCidervinegar
★ Cheese
★ Yogurt
→ Are also present in different places
such as inside the volcano, beneath the soil, deepest part of the ocean, and in our digestive tract.

A

fermentation

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10
Q

by doing this, you can deliver all the oxygen to your muscles

A

sleeping

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11
Q

this uses substances other than oxygen

A

anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

in fermentation, pyruvate can produce these three fungi/bacteria

A

Aspergillus, Lactobacillus, saccharomyces

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13
Q

what is an example product of aspergillus

A

soy sauce

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14
Q

what is an example product of lactobacillus

A

cheese, yogurt

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15
Q

saccharomyces can produce these 3 compounds

A

ethanol + CO2, ethanol, carbon dioxide

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16
Q

what is an example product of ethanol + co2

A

beer

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17
Q

what is an example product of carbon dioxide

A

bread

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18
Q

what is an example product of ethanol

A

wine

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19
Q
  • Doesn’t use oxygen
  • Inorganic or organic molecules are
    used as final electron acceptors such hydrogen sulfide, sulfate ions, and others.
A

anaerobic respiration

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20
Q

what are the final acceptors in anaerobic respiration

A

inorganic or organic molecules

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21
Q

Transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another

Relocation of electrons releases energy stored in organic molecules

This energy is used to synthesize ATP because an electron transfer requires both a donor and an acceptor - Oxidation and reduction always go hand in hand

A

RedOX reactions

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22
Q

Requires both a donor and acceptor

A

Electron transfer

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23
Q

addition of electrons

A

reduction

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24
Q

removal of electrons

A

oxidation

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25
Q
  • is a molecule that carries energy with its cells
  • it is the main currency of the cell
  • it is an end product of the process of phosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation
A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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26
Q

what is ATP comprised of

A

comprise of 3 phosphate groups, 1 sugar (ribose), and a nitrogenous base (adenine)

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27
Q

the removal or elimination of carboxyl from a molecule and releases carbon dioxide

A

decarboxylation

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28
Q

A phosphate group is transferred from an organic molecule to ADP to form ATP

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

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29
Q

what does NADH stand for

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen

29
Q

what does NAD+ stand for

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

30
Q

is a type of anaerobic pathway that harvests energy from carbohydrates

A

fermentation

31
Q

Aerobic respiration and
Fermentation begins with the precisely same set of reactions in the cytoplasm and this is known as ____

A

glycolysis

32
Q

“glyco” means

A

sugar

33
Q

“lysis” means

A

breakdown

34
Q

the goal of glycolysis is to break 6 carbon glucose into two molecules called

A

pyruvate

35
Q

what will be produced in glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and a total of 4 ATP

36
Q

how many ATP is used in glycolysis

A

2

37
Q

what is the net yield of ATP in glycolysis

A

2

38
Q

what are the different products produced during glycolysis

A

starting point: glucose
glucose 6-phosphate
fructose 6-phosphate
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
1,3 - bisphosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate
phosphoenolpyruvate.
end point: pyruvate

39
Q

is a 3 carbon molecule

A

pyruvate

40
Q

2 types of fermentation

A

lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation

41
Q

the goal of this fermentation is to turn pyruvate to lactate

A

lactic acid fermentation

42
Q

where does lactic acid fermentation occur

A

cytoplasm

43
Q

lactic bacteria can carry out lactic acid fermentation such as

A

lactobacillus bulgaricus, and staphylococcus thermophilus

44
Q

starting molecule of lactic acid fermentation

A

1 glucose

45
Q

end product of lactic acid fermentation is

A

2 lactate

46
Q

true or false: carbon dioxide is released in lactic acid fermentation

A

FALSE: No carbon dioxide is released in the process. All forms of fermentation except Lactic Acid Fermentation produce gas which plays a role in the laboratory identification of bacteria

47
Q

net yield of lactic acid fermentation

A

2 ATP, 2 lactate

48
Q

the pyruvate in lactic acid fermentation will undergo _____ to regenerate NADH to NAD to form 2 lactate

A

RedOx

49
Q

animal skeletal muscles which move bones consist of cell fuels as long fibers. these fibers differ in how they make ATP. _____ fibers have many mitochondria and produce ATP by aerobic respiration

A

red fibers

50
Q

these fibers sustain a prolonged activity such as marathon runs

A

red fiber

51
Q

why are red fibers red?

A

because they have an abundance of myoglobin

52
Q

____ is a protein that stores oxygen for aerobic respiration

A

myoglobin

53
Q

what is the formula for aerobic respiration

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6 O₂ (oxygen) → 6 CO₂ (carbon dioxide) + 6 H₂O (water) + Energy

54
Q

____ contain few mitochondria and no myoglobin so they do not carry a lot of aerobic respiration.

A

white muscle fibers

55
Q

how do white muscle fibers make use of their ATP

A

lactate fermentation

56
Q

It is used for quick strenuous activities such as weightlifting or sprinting.

A

white muscle fibers

57
Q

how can muscle cells make ATP if there is too little or no oxygen for aerobic respiration to continue

A

lactic acid fermentation

58
Q

Build up of lactic acid may lead to _______ and oxygen is required to get rid of excess lactic acid. So you rest your body or try to sleep.

A

muscle spasm

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Some lactate fermenters spoil
food but we use the others to preserve it.

A

TRUE

60
Q

→ breaks down lactose in milk.
→ We use this bacteria to produce
dairy products such as Butter milk,
cheese, and yogurt.
→ We use this bacteria to preserve
and ferment pickles and kimchi

A

lactobacillus

61
Q

goal is to turn pyruvate to ethanol

A

alcoholic fermentation

62
Q

in alcoholic fermentation, the pyruvate will undergo____ to produce 2 molecules o acetaldehyde and 2 carbon dioxide

A

decarboxylation

63
Q

the acetaldehyde will undergo ___ to regenerate the NADH to NAD and will form ethanol

A

RedOx

64
Q

location of alcoholic fermentation

A

cytoplasm

65
Q

true or false: carbon dioxide will be released in alcoholic fermentation

A

true: Carbon dioxide is released in
contrast with the Lactic Acid
Fermentation

66
Q

what is the net yield of alcoholic fermentation

A

2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2CO2, 2 Ethanol

67
Q

bakers use _____ capabilities of one’s spaces of yeast to make breads

A

alcoholic fermentation

68
Q

cells breakdown ___ in bread dough and release ____

A

carbohydrates, carbon dioxide

69
Q

the dough expands or rises as ___ forms bubbles in it

A

carbon dioxide

70
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q
A
75
Q
A

BIO (9 decks)

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