Anaemia Flashcards
Hb level for anaemia
Men <135 g/L
Women <115 g/L
Causes of anaemia
- Redued production
- Increased plasma volume
- Increased loss
Clinical signs of anaemia
Pallor
Tachicardia
Flow murmurs
Difference between high and low MCV pathophysiology
High - decreased production of RBCs
Low - RBC component deficiency (IDA, thalassaemia)
Causes of microcytic anaemia
FAST
Causes of normocytic anaemia
Causes of macrocytic anaemia
My FAT RBC
What are these signs of?
Iron Deficiency Anaemia
IDA blood film findings
Microcytosis
Hypochromia
Anisocytosis
Poikilocytosis
IDA causes
Bleeding until proven otherwise
1. Blood loss - GI
2. Increased utilisation
3. Decreased intake
4. Decreased absorption
5. Intravascular haemolysis
IDA Mx
Consider 2ww
Treat cause
Oral iron
IV iron
Anaemia of chronic disease mechanism
Cytokine driven inhibition of RBC production
1. Reduced EPO receptor
2. Hepcidin release
3. In renal failure - reduced EPO (not cytokine driven)
What marker is raised in anaemia of chronic disease
Ferritin
Sideroblastic Anaemia mechanism
Ineffective erythropoiesis → iron loading → haemosiderosis
Sideroblastic Anaemia blood film finding
Ring sideroblasts
Sideroblastic Anaemia causes
Chemical → alcohol excess, lead excess
BM → Myelodysplasia, myeloproliferation
Iatrogenic → Anti-TB, chemotherapy, radiotherapy (irradiation)
Sideroblastic Anaemia treatment
Remove cause
Pyridoxine → promotes RBC production
consider EPO
Low iron, High TIBC, Low Ferritin
IDA
Low iron, Low TIBC, High Ferritin
Anaemia of chronic disease
high iron, Low TIBC, high Ferritin
Chronic haemolysis
high iron, Low/N TIBC, high Ferritin
Haemochromatosis
high iron, High TIBC, N Ferritin
Pregnancy
high iron, N TIBC, High Ferritin
Ferritin
Pancytopenia Bedside Ix
Abdo exam → splenomegaly
Pancytopenia bloods Ix
FBC
B12/Folate/Iron
Reticulocyte count
Blood film
Myeloma screen
?Parvovirus PCR
Check medications
