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PSYC363 - Abnormal Psychology > An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology > Flashcards

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Multidimensional integrative approach

A

Psychological disorders are always the products of multiple interacting causal factors

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2
Q

What is a gene?

A

Molecules of DNA at various locations on chromosomes, within the cell nucleus

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3
Q

What is a ‘dominant gene’?

A

One of a pair of genes that strongly influences a particular trait

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4
Q

What is a ‘recessive gene’?

A

Must be paired with another (recessive) gene to determine a trait, otherwise it wont have any effect

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5
Q

What is the ‘Diathesis-stress model’?

A

An inherited tendency and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder

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6
Q

Define Vulnerability

A

Susceptibility or tendency to develop a disorder

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7
Q

What is the ‘reciprocal gene-environment model’?

A

People with genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder

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8
Q

Define neuroscience

A

Study of the nervous system and it’s role in behavior, thoughts, and emotions

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9
Q

What are the two nervous systems the human body is made up of?

A
  1. The Central Nervous System

2. The Peripheral Nervous System

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10
Q

What does the Central nervous system consist of?

A
  • The Brain

- The Spinal Cord

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11
Q

What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of?

A
  • The Somatic Nervous System

- The Autonomic Nervous System

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12
Q

What are neurons?

A

Individual nerve cells responsible for transmitting information

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13
Q

What are the two branches on a neuron’s cell body?

A
  • Dendrite

- Axon

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14
Q

Define a Dendrite

A

Dendrites have numerous receptors that receive messages in the form of chemical impulses from other nerves

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15
Q

Define an Axon

A

Axon’s transmit these chemical impulses to other neurons

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16
Q

What is a Synaptic Cleft?

A

The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

17
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemical that crosses the synaptic cleft between nerve cells to transmit impulses fro one neuron to the next

18
Q

Define a hormone

A

Chemical messenger produced by the endocrine glands

19
Q

What is a brain circuit?

A

Neurotransmitter current in the brain

20
Q

What are ‘agonists’?

A

A chemical substance that INCREASES the activity of a neurotransmitter by mimicking it’s effects

21
Q

What are ‘antagonists’?

A

A chemical substance that DECREASES, or blocks, a neurotransmitter

22
Q

What are ‘inverse agonists’?

A

A chemical substance that produces effects OPPOSITE those of a particular neurotransmitter

23
Q

What is a ‘reuptake’?

A

Action by which a neurotransmitter is quickly drawn back into the discharging neuron after being released into a synaptic cleft

24
Q

Define Glutamate

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter that excites many different neurons, leading to action

25
Q

What is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

A

Neurotransmitter that regulates the transmission of information and action potentials

26
Q

Define Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter involved in processing information and coordination of movement, as well as inhibition and restraint

27
Q

Define ‘norepinephrine’

A

Neurotransmitter active in the central and peripheral nervous systems, controlling heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

28
Q

Define ‘dopamine’

A

Neurotransmitter whose function is to activate other neurotransmitters and aid in pleasure-seeking behaviours

29
Q

What is cognitive science?

A

A study that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store and retrieve information

30
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

Theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives

31
Q

What is modeling?

A

Learning through observation and imitation of the behavior of other individuals

32
Q

What is prepared learning?

A

allowing certain associations to be learned more readily than others because such knowledge contributes to a species survival

33
Q

What is implicit memory?

A

Condition of memory in which a person cannot recall past events

34
Q

Define emotion

A

Pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state accompanied by a characteristic physiological response

35
Q

What is a flight or fight response?

A

Biological reaction to alarming stresser’s that muster the body’s resources to resist or flee a threat

36
Q

Define mood

A

Enduring period of emotionality

37
Q

Define affect

A

Subjective aspect of an emotion that accompanies an action at a given time

38
Q

What is equifinality?

A

A principle that a behavior or disorder may have several causes

PSYC363 - Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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