An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Question 1

Define Multidimensional integrative approach

Answer 1

Psychological disorders are always the products of multiple interacting causal factors

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

Molecules of DNA at various locations on chromosomes, within the cell nucleus

Question 3

What is a ‘dominant gene’?

Answer 3

One of a pair of genes that strongly influences a particular trait

Question 4

What is a ‘recessive gene’?

Answer 4

Must be paired with another (recessive) gene to determine a trait, otherwise it wont have any effect

Question 5

What is the ‘Diathesis-stress model’?

Answer 5

An inherited tendency and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder

Question 6

Define Vulnerability

Answer 6

Susceptibility or tendency to develop a disorder

Question 7

What is the ‘reciprocal gene-environment model’?

Answer 7

People with genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder

Question 8

Define neuroscience

Answer 8

Study of the nervous system and it’s role in behavior, thoughts, and emotions

Question 9

What are the two nervous systems the human body is made up of?

Answer 9

1. The Central Nervous System

2. The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 10

What does the Central nervous system consist of?

Answer 10

• The Brain

- The Spinal Cord

Question 11

What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of?

Answer 11

• The Somatic Nervous System

- The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 12

What are neurons?

Answer 12

Individual nerve cells responsible for transmitting information

Question 13

What are the two branches on a neuron’s cell body?

Answer 13

• Dendrite

- Axon

Question 14

Define a Dendrite

Answer 14

Dendrites have numerous receptors that receive messages in the form of chemical impulses from other nerves

Question 15

Define an Axon

Answer 15

Axon’s transmit these chemical impulses to other neurons

Question 16

What is a Synaptic Cleft?

Answer 16

The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Question 17

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 17

Chemical that crosses the synaptic cleft between nerve cells to transmit impulses fro one neuron to the next

Question 18

Define a hormone

Answer 18

Chemical messenger produced by the endocrine glands

Question 19

What is a brain circuit?

Answer 19

Neurotransmitter current in the brain

Question 20

What are ‘agonists’?

Answer 20

A chemical substance that INCREASES the activity of a neurotransmitter by mimicking it’s effects

Question 21

What are ‘antagonists’?

Answer 21

A chemical substance that DECREASES, or blocks, a neurotransmitter

Question 22

What are ‘inverse agonists’?

Answer 22

A chemical substance that produces effects OPPOSITE those of a particular neurotransmitter

Question 23

What is a ‘reuptake’?

Answer 23

Action by which a neurotransmitter is quickly drawn back into the discharging neuron after being released into a synaptic cleft

Question 24

Define Glutamate

Answer 24

Amino acid neurotransmitter that excites many different neurons, leading to action

Question 25

What is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

Answer 25

Neurotransmitter that regulates the transmission of information and action potentials

Question 26

Define Serotonin

Answer 26

Neurotransmitter involved in processing information and coordination of movement, as well as inhibition and restraint

Question 27

Define 'norepinephrine'

Answer 27

Neurotransmitter active in the central and peripheral nervous systems, controlling heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

Question 28

Define 'dopamine'

Answer 28

Neurotransmitter whose function is to activate other neurotransmitters and aid in pleasure-seeking behaviours

Question 29

What is cognitive science?

Answer 29

A study that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store and retrieve information

Question 30

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 30

Theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives

Question 31

What is modeling?

Answer 31

Learning through observation and imitation of the behavior of other individuals

Question 32

What is prepared learning?

Answer 32

allowing certain associations to be learned more readily than others because such knowledge contributes to a species survival

Question 33

What is implicit memory?

Answer 33

Condition of memory in which a person cannot recall past events

Question 34

Define emotion

Answer 34

Pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state accompanied by a characteristic physiological response

Question 35

What is a flight or fight response?

Answer 35

Biological reaction to alarming stresser's that muster the body's resources to resist or flee a threat

Question 36

Define mood

Answer 36

Enduring period of emotionality

Question 37

Define affect

Answer 37

Subjective aspect of an emotion that accompanies an action at a given time

Question 38

What is equifinality?

Answer 38

A principle that a behavior or disorder may have several causes