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PSYC363 - Abnormal Psychology > Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context > Flashcards

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a psychological disorder?

A

A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typically expected

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2
Q

What is a phobia?

A

A psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation

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3
Q

What’s the criteria that defines a psychological disorder?

A
  • Psychological Dysfunction
  • Distress or Impairment
  • Atypical Response
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4
Q

Define Psychological Dysfunction

A

A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

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5
Q

Define Personal distress/impairment

A

Causing emotional and/or physical pain or harm

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6
Q

Define Atypical response

A

A person’s behavior that deviates from the average and violates social norms

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7
Q

What is Psychopathology?

A

Scientific study of psychological disorders

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8
Q

Define Scientist-practitioners

A

Mental-health professionals who take a scientific approach to their clinical work

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9
Q

Define “presenting problem”

A

Why the person came to the clinic

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10
Q

What are the three major categories which make up the study of psychological disorders?

A
  1. Clinical Description
  2. Causation (etiology)
  3. Treatment and Outcome
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11
Q

Define Clinical Description

A

The unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder

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12
Q

Define Prevalence

A

How many people in the population as a whole, who have the disorder

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13
Q

Define Incidence

A

How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period e.g., one year

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14
Q

What is a ‘Chronic Course’?

A

Generally a long-term disorder

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15
Q

What is an ‘Episodic Course’?

A

Disorder that may end after a few months only to reoccur at a later time

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16
Q

What is a ‘Time-limited Course’?

A

The disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period

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17
Q

Define an ‘Acute Onset’

A

Disorder begins suddenly

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18
Q

What is an ‘Insidious Onset’?

A

Development of a disorder that occurs gradually over an extended period

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19
Q

What is a ‘Prognosis’?

A

The anticipated course of a disorder

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20
Q

What is Developmental Psychology?

A

The study of changes in behavior over time

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21
Q

What is Developmental Psychopathology?

A

The study of changes in abnormal behavior

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22
Q

What is ‘Etiology’?

A

The study of origins; what causes a disorder and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions

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23
Q

What is the Supernatural Model?

A

Explanation of human behavior & it’s dysfunction that assumes important roles for spirits, and demons

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24
Q

Define ‘Exorcism’

A

Various religious rituals performed in an effort to rid the victim of evil spirits

25
Q

What is ‘Saint Vitus’s Dance’?

A

Instance of mass hysteria in which groups of people experienced simultaneous compulsion to dance and shout in the streets

26
Q

What is ‘Emotion Contagion’?

A

The experience of an emotion seemingly spreading to others nearby

27
Q

Who was Hippocrates?

A

The Greek Physician who is considered the ‘father of modern Western medicine’ and believed that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease

28
Q

Who was Galen?

A

The Roman Physician who later adopted Hippocrates ideas and developed them further, to create a powerful and influential thought within the biological tradition

29
Q

What is the ‘Humoral Theory of Disorders’?

A

Normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors:

  1. Blood
  2. Black Bile
  3. Yellow Bile
  4. Phlegm
30
Q

What is the ‘Biological Model’?

A

Explanation of psychological dysfunction that primarily emphasizes brain disorder or illness as the cause

31
Q

Define ‘Psychosis’

A

Psychological disorders in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted

32
Q

What is the ‘Psychological Model’?

A

Explanation of human behavior and its dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not typical

33
Q

What is Psychosocial Treatment?

A

Treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors, as well as psychological influences

34
Q

What is Moral Therapy?

A

It’s basic premises included treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible

35
Q

Define ‘Psychoanalysis’

A

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

36
Q

Define ‘Unconscious’

A

The part of the mind in which the primary source of human behavior derives from

37
Q

Define ‘Catharsis’

A

The release of emotional material

38
Q

What is the Psychoanalytic Model?

A

Theory constructed on the development and structure of our personalities

39
Q

What are the three structures of the psyche?

A
  1. The id
  2. The Ego
  3. The Superego
40
Q

Define the aspects that characterize the ‘id’

A
  • The source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings
  • The energy or drive within the id is the libido
  • The id is ruled by the ‘Pleasure Principle’
  • Has it’s own way of processing information; referred to as the ‘primary process’
  • This type of thinking is emotional, irrational and illogical
41
Q

Define the aspects that characterize the ‘ego’

A
  • The ego is ruled by the ‘Reality Principle’ instead of the ‘Pleasure Principle’
  • The cognitive operations/thinking styles are referred to as the ‘secondary process’
  • This type of thinking is characterized by logic and reason
  • The role of the ‘ego’ is to mediate conflict between the ‘id’ and the ‘superego’
42
Q

Define the aspects that characterize the ‘superego’

A
  • The superego, or what we might call conscious, represents the ‘Moral Principles’ instilled in us by our parents and our culture
  • Purpose is to counteract the potentially dangerous aggressive and sexual drives of the ‘id’
43
Q

What are ‘Intrapsychic Conflicts’?

A

Conflicts within the mind that result from the interplay of the ‘id’, ‘ego’, and ‘superego’

44
Q

What are defense mechanisms?

A

The ‘Ego’s’ protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

45
Q

Define Displacement

A

A defense mechanism that transfers one’s reaction from the original object to a more acceptable one`

46
Q

Define Sublimation

A

Modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct to one that is socially acceptable

47
Q

Define Projection

A

A defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else

48
Q

Define Rationalization

A

A defense mechanism that conceals the true motivation for actions, thoughts, or feelings, through elaborate reassurance but incorrect explanations

49
Q

What are the Psychosexual Stages of Development?

A
  1. Oral Stage
  2. Anal Stage
  3. Phallic Stage
  4. Latency Stage
  5. Genital Stage
50
Q

Define the ‘Oral Stage’

A

From birth to about 18 months

-Fixation on the mouth

51
Q

Define the ‘Anal Stage’

A

18 months to about 3 years

-Fixation on passing and retention of feces

52
Q

Define the ‘Phallic Stage’

A

3 years to about 5 or 6 years

-Fixation on genital stimulation

53
Q

Define the ‘Latency Stage’

A

Between ages 6 to 12

-‘Id’ impulses do not play a major role in stimulating behavior

54
Q

Define the ‘Genital Stage’

A

12 through to adulthood

-Heterosexual interests predominate

55
Q

What is ‘Ego Psychology’?

A

Failure of the ‘ego’ to manage impulses and internal conflicts can be attributed to psychological disorders being developed

56
Q

What are Object Relations?

A

The study of how children incorporate the images, the memories, and sometimes the values of a person who was important to them and to whom they were emotionally attached

57
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response

58
Q

What is behavior therapy?

A

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviours

PSYC363 - Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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