AML Flashcards
Pathogenisis of PML type of AML
(15;17) translocation
results in the
_fusion of the retinoic acid receptor (RARA) gene on chromosome 17 and the
PML gene on chromosom_e 15
PML/RARA fusion protein forms
blocks myeloid differentiation at the promyelocytic stage
AML prognosis
- In case of TP53 it is poor
- Overall survival is 15-30٪ with chemo
- Curative in stem cell transplantation
AML patients may have bleeding . can you meantin sites of bleeding seen in AML .
1-cutaneous
2-body cavities AND viscera
3-mucosal surfaces
AML clinical presentation
Anemia
Infection
Bleeding
Tissue infiltration
**Bleeding tendency _caused by thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is_characteristic of promyelocytic variant of AML.**
Tissue least infiltrated by neoplastic cells in AML ?
Soft tissue مثلا أربطه أوتار أوعية دموية الفات والفايبر
AML pathogenisis.
Due to mutations in genes encoding for transcriptional factors involved in myeloid differentiation
Theses will interfere with the differentiation of early myeloid cells, leading to the
accumulation of myeloid precursors (blasts) in the marrow.
Tissue that’s will get infiltrated by neoplastic cells ( myloblasts) in AML
1-Skin ▶️ leukemia cutis 2-Gum ▶️ hypertrophy 3-CNS
اللثة تكون منتفخه مع monoblastic type⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️⚡️
AML classifications
4 classifications
Mention 2 types of mutations involved in pathogenisis of AML?
1- t(15,17) invloving PML gene on 15 and _RARA gen_e on 17
2-mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase
What is the effect of mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase ?
Oncometabolite** synthesized by the mutated IDH protein **blocks the function of enzymes that regulate myeloid cell differentiation
• Inhibitors of mutant IDH prevent the production of the oncometabolite and often produce remissions in this molecular subtype of AML.
stem cell/myeloblast markers ( CDs present on tumor cells )
13,14,15.
34
64
117(also named kit)
