Aminoglycosides Flashcards
Mechanism of action:
30S, insert wrong AAs -> production of false protein.
Bactericidal
Mode of action:
Concentration dependent bactericidal, has PAE
Spectrum:
Gram-, AEROBIC
PSEUDOMONAS
Mycoplasma,
Also: Staphylococci, Mycobacteria
Restistance:
ab ovo, plasmids, altering of periplasmic enzymes -> acetylation, adenylation, reduced permeability
Cross resistance:
One way resistance. try the way from lowest “value” to one higher if that don’t work. If you start with a higher and that don’t work, less value won’t work.
Pharmacokinetics, absorption:
Absorption:
NO oral absorption, but good if we want to kill bacteria in intestines.
IV, IM, topical- ear, eye, skin, intramammary.
Pharmacokinetics, distribution:
Can be absorbed from abcess- wear gloves. Don’t give to cat- toxic.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism:
Only in the kidney
Half life:
extremely long, slow elimination = long WP
Toxicity
One of the most toxic AB.
Ototoxic- check tympanic membrane!
Nephrotoxic
Absorption and accumulation -> membrane damage.
Neuromuscular blockage, inhibition of ACh- release.
Indications:
Resp inf, GI inf, UTI, mastitis, dermatitis, septicemia- in combination
Apramycin
F= per os better, swine per os
Tobramycin
most active, toxic. topical and parenteral
Amikacin
one of the most active, slightly toxic. parenteral
Streptomycin/ dihydrostreptomycin
not used alone, in combination with penicillin. IM, SC
