Amino Acids, Proteins And Enzymes

Question 1

What amino acids are affected in maple syrup disease?

Answer 1

BCCA “the branches” - valine, leucine, isoleucine

Question 2

What type of Hb is in sickle cell anemia, what change occurred?

Answer 2

HbS ➡️ valine 🔁 glutamate in position 6

Less negative charge than HbA

Question 3

What causes the HbC? How the disease calls?

Answer 3

HbC ➡️ lysine 🔁 glutamate in position 6
Sickle cell anemia-like hemoglobinopathy
2 additional + charges than HbA

Question 4

What is the difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor?

Answer 4

Kwashiorkor ▶️ protein malnutrition (edema, [-] nitrogen balance)
Marasmus ▶️ chronic deficiency of calories (no edema, deficiency of fat, CHO)

Question 5

What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 5

⬆️ Km - low the affinity by the substrate. No effect on Vmax.

Question 6

What is the effect of a non competitive inhibitor?

Answer 6

⬇️ Vmax - reduce rate of reaction. No effect on Km.

Question 7

What happen if you add an activator or more Enzyme to a reaction?

Answer 7

⬆️ Vmax - increase rate of the reaction

Vmax directly depends of [E]

Question 8

What is a cooperative enzyme?

Answer 8

They have multiple subunits and active sites.

• often regulatory in pathways (ex; PFK-1 in glycolysis)
• multiple sites for activators and inhibitors ➡️ allosteric enzymes