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Biochemistry > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

_____ total Amino Acids

A

20

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2
Q

All AA have chiral centers except ____

A

Glycine

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3
Q

The ____ ____ dictates the structure through disulfide bridges, electrostatic interactions, and H-bonds

A

R group

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4
Q

D Amino Acids

A

CORN counter clockwise

Found in labs

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5
Q

L Amino Acids

A

CORN clockwise

found in nature

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6
Q

Nonpolar, Aliphatic R groups

A

Glycine

Alanine

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7
Q

Glycine

A

Only AA without chiral center

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8
Q

Alanine

A

Released from muscle

Gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

Nonpolar, Aliphatic R groups

Branched Chain Amino Acids

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

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10
Q

Leucine

A

Metabolized into cholesterol precursor

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11
Q

Isoleucine

A

Isomer of leucine

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12
Q

Need these 3 AA to live

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

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13
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Valine (nonpolar) replaces glutamate (polar) in hemoglobin

Incorrect folding in RBC

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14
Q

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

A

Genetic deficiency in enzymes needed to metabolize BCAA

Treatment: avoid high protein food

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15
Q

Nonpolar, Aliphatic R Groups

A

Methionine

Proline

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16
Q

Methionine

A

Needed for myelination

17
Q

Proline

A

Disrupts alpha helix and beta pleated sheets

Main component in gluten

18
Q

Components of gluten

A

Glutenin and gliadin

19
Q

Gliadin

A

High concentration of proline

Hard to digest

20
Q

Aromatic R groups

A

Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

21
Q

Phenylalanine

A

Avoid with PKU

Precursor to tyrosine

22
Q

Tryptophan

A

Precursor to serotonin, melatonin, niacin

23
Q

Tyrosine

A

Precursor for thyroxine, melanin, & catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine)
Cell signaling

24
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Genetic disorder that lacks enzyme necessary to metabolize phenylalanine
Treatment: avoid phenylalanine in diet (low protein)

25
Q

Cystic Fibrosis is the ____ _____ genetic disorder

A

Most common

26
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder
Missing 1 phenylalanine in protein that regulates transport of chloride ions across cell membranes
Result: does not fold correctly- causes mucus to build up—lung and digestion issues

27
Q

Polar, uncharged R groups

A

Serine
Threonine
Cysteine

Biochemistry (7 decks)

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