Amino Acid Metabolism

Question 1

What is metabolism

Answer 1

Question 2

What are anabolic and catabolic pathways

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the main types of chemical reactions

Answer 3

Hydrolysis/ dehydration
Oxidation/reduction
Isomerisation
C-C cleavage
Group transfer

Question 4

What are the characteristics of glycolysis

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the characteristics of the krebs cycle

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the 3 ways to change the rate of a metabolic pathway

Answer 6

Question 7

What is an example of reversible covalent modification

Answer 7

Question 8

What is phosphorylation usually stimulated by

Answer 8

Question 9

What does PFK -1 do

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the overall aminotransferase reaction

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the key features of pyridoxal phosphate

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the 2 steps of the aminotransferase reaction

Answer 12

Question 13

Draw the ping pong mechanism for amino transferase

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the first step of the amino transferase reaction

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the second step of the amino transferase reaction

Answer 15

Question 16

Draw the mechanism for the first step of the amino transferase reaction

Answer 16

Question 17

Draw the mechanism for the second step of the amino transferase reaction

Answer 17

Question 18

Draw the mechanism for the third step of the amino transferase reaction

Answer 18

Product of 2nd step used for third step

Question 19

Draw the mechanism for the fourth step of the amino transferase reaction ‘

Answer 19

Question 20

Draw the mechanism for the fifth step of the amino transferase reaction ‘

Answer 20

Question 21

Why is planarity of the PLP important

Answer 21

Question 22

How is the stereochemistry of PLP controlled from the amino acid-PLP schiff base

Answer 22

Question 23

how is the bond selected for cleavage in the amino transferase reaction from the amino acid-PLP schiff base

Answer 23

Question 24

How is free rotation prevented in the amino acid -PLP schiff base

Answer 24

Question 25

What are the 2 ways to stabilise the carbanion

Answer 25

Decarboxylation
Racemisation

Question 26

Draw the mechanism for decarboxylation

Answer 26

Question 27

Draw the mechanism for racemisation

Answer 27

Question 28

What is the first step of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 28

Question 29

What is an acyl carrier protein

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the process of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 30

Question 31

How are unsaturated fatty acids made (+ odd numbered amino acids in bacteria )

Answer 31

Question 32

Compare fatty acid synthesis and degradation

Answer 32

Question 33

How is acetyl CoA transported out of the mitochondria

Answer 33

Question 34

How is fatty acid synthesis regulated by phosphorylation and hormonally

Answer 34

Question 35

How is fatty acid synthesis regulated allosterically

Answer 35

Question 36

How are amino acids degraded

Answer 36

Question 37

What happens to the different components of amino acids when they’re degraded

Answer 37

Question 38

How is the amino group on amino acids removed

Answer 38

Question 39

(An e.g) how is the amino group removed from aspartate

Answer 39

Question 40

How is the amino group remove from glutamate

Answer 40

Question 41

Give an overview of the urea cycle

Answer 41

Question 42

What is the net reaction of the urea cycle

Answer 42

Question 43

Give more detail on the first reaction of the urea cycle, catalysed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Answer 43

Question 44

How is the urea cycle and TCA cycle linked

Answer 44

Question 45

How is the urea cycle controlled

Answer 45

Question 46

What is the role of glutamine in nitrogen metabolism

Answer 46

Question 47

Give an overview of amino acid synthesis

Answer 47