Amines, Amides And Haloalkanes

Question 1

The difference between amine and Amide is that

Answer 1

Amine, are general compounds that contains a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Amides are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group and nitrogen atoms bonded to the carbonyl atom

Question 2

What are the formula of amine and amide

Answer 2

R-NH2 and R-CONH2 respectively.

Question 3

Secondary and tertiary amines can be synthesised via

Answer 3

Reductive amination

Question 4

The boiling point of amines increases with

Answer 4

Increasing molecular weight due to the increased London dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding.

Question 5

What is reductive amination?

Answer 5

Reductive amination involves es the reaction of ketone or aldehydes with ammonia or primary amine in the presence of a reducing agent, such as Sodium cyanoborohydride(NaBH3CN)

Question 6

Amines with 1 to 6 carbon atoms are usually soluble in water due to

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonding between the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and water molecules.

Question 7

What are the methods of preparation of amines

Answer 7

Alkylation of ammonia
Reduction of nitro compounds
Reductive amination

Question 8

Amines react with Acyl chlorides (R-cocl) to form

Answer 8

Amides

Question 9

Amines are bases due to the presence of

Answer 9

A lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

Question 10

When treated with excess Br and NaoH quaternary Ammonium salts undergo

Answer 10

Hoffman Elimination to form tertiary amines.

Question 11

Amides are derived from

Answer 11

Carboxylic acids(RCOOH) by replacing the -OH group with an amino group (NH²) and its derivatives.

Question 12

Give examples of the classifications of amines

Answer 12

Primary amines: CH3-NH2
Secondary amines: CH3-NH-CH³
Tertiary amines: CH3-N(CH3)2

Question 13

Give examples of they classifications of amides

Answer 13

Primary amide: CH3-CO-NH2 (Acetamide)
Secondary amides: C4H7-CO-NHC2H5 (N-Ethylbutanamide)
Tertiary amide: CH3-CO-N(CH3)2 (N,N- Dimethylacetamide)

Question 14

Amides exhibit resonance due to

Answer 14

The delocalizatin of electrons from the nitrogen lone pair to the carbonyl oxygen. This delocalization stabilises the amide bond.

Question 15

Amide is a base when it reacts with……
Amide is an acid when it reacts with…….

Answer 15

HCL(Salt is formed)
NA(Salt is formed. H2 is liberated)

Question 16

What is the carboxylic acid in which C³H⁷CONHCH²CH³ is derived from

Answer 16

Butanoic acid

Question 17

Amide on heating with strong dehydrating agent like P²O⁵ get dehydrated to form

Answer 17

CYANIDES

Question 18

Amides on Reduction with LIALH⁴ or sodium and ethyl alcohol to form

Answer 18

Corresponding amines

Question 19

What are the synthesis of amides

Answer 19

A. From carboxylic acids
B. From acid chlorides
C. From Nitrites

Question 20

Reaction of carboxylic acid with ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating agent (SOCL² or P²O⁵) gives

Answer 20

Amide and water.
R-COOH + NH³ 》》》RCONH² + H²O

Question 21

R-COCL + NH³ 》》》

Answer 21

RCONH² +H²O

Question 22

Hydrolysis of Nitrites under acidic conditions can lead to

Answer 22

The formation of primary amides.

Question 23

Why are amides prevalent in pharmaceuticals?

Answer 23

Due to their stability and ability to form hydrogen bonds with biological molecules. They are often found in drugs that target enzymes and receptors.

Question 24

Halogenoalkanes are also known as

Answer 24

Alkyl halides.
R-X or CnH2n+1

Question 25

Explain the types of halogenkalkanes

Answer 25

Primary halogenoalkanes: the carbon atom is bonded to only one alkyl group
Secondary halogenoalkanes: the carbon atom is bonded to two alkyl groups
Tertiary halogenoalkanes: the carbon atom is bonded to three alkyl groups.

Question 26

Higher boiling points compared to their parent alkane is due to

Answer 26

The presence of polar C-X bond

Question 27

Insolubility of halogenoalkanes in water is due to

Answer 27

Their non polar hydrocarbon portion