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CHM 102 > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What are saturated compounds?

A

Saturated compounds are compounds that contain atoms that are joined only by single covalent bonds.

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2
Q

What are Unsaturated compounds?

A

Unsaturated compounds are compounds that contains carbon atoms joined by double/triple covalent bonds.

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3
Q

Alkane are also know as

A

Paraphenes

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4
Q

The general molecular formula of alkanes is

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

What does the name paraphene imply?

A

Paraphene means little affinity and are relatively unreactive in comparison with their unsaturated counterpart.

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6
Q

Amongst platinum, palladium and Nickel catalyst which is least reactive

A

Nickel catalyst

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7
Q

What is the condition for reduction of haloalkanes in the synthetic preparation of alkane?

A

Zinc copper couple(Zn-Cu) in aqueous alcohol

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8
Q

How is alkane produced from Grignard Reagent(RMgX- Alkyl-Magnesium halide)

A

It is treated with aqueous hydrochloric or sulphur ic acid.

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9
Q

In Wurtz synthesis alkane is prepared by…

A

Addition of metallic sodium(Na) and haloalkane(Rx) in dry ether.(C²H⁵)
It gives an alkane and sodium halide.

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10
Q

An example in dry ether is..

A

Ethoxyethane
C²H⁵

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11
Q

What are the synthetic methods of preparing methane?

A
  1. Decarboxylation of Sodium Ethanoate(Acetate)- CH³COONA
  2. Treatment of aluminium carbide with hot water or dilute acid.
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12
Q

Alkanes undergo halogenation in the presence of………. at a temperature of………… yielding a mixture of…

A

Ultra-Violet rays
250°c- 400°c
Alkyl Halide

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13
Q

What is the condition in the treatment of Aluminium Carbide to give methane and Aluminium chlorine

A

Hot water

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14
Q

Dichloromethane, Trichloromethane and Tetrachloromethane are known as..

A

Methylenechloride
Chloroform
CarbonTetrachloride

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15
Q

Does halogenation of alkanes the place in light…

A

Halogenation of alkanes does not occur in the dark.

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16
Q

Nitroalkanes are useful

A

Commercial solvents.

17
Q

In the Nitration of alkanes using Nitric acid what is the temperature condition and the mechanism, and product also….

A

150°c to 400°c
A free radical mechanism
Nitro-alkane

18
Q

C¹ to C⁴ are…
C⁵ to C¹⁷ are…
The remaining are…..

A

Gases
Liquids
Solids at 20°c

19
Q

What is the solubility of Alkanes?

A

Solubility. Alkanes (both alkanes and cycloalkanes) arevirtually insoluble in water, but dissolve in organic solvents such as benzene, Ethoxyethane.

20
Q

Explain the density of Alkane?

A

Alkanes are less dense than water, they have densities in the range of 0.6 to 0.8g/cm³.

21
Q

The density of alkanes increases with increasing….

A

Molecular weight

22
Q

The boiling points and melting points of alkanes increases with..

A

Increasing number of carbon atoms

23
Q

Branching decreases the ……

A

Boiling point of alkanes thereby increasing volatility. Thus a branched alkane boils at a lower temperature than the straight chain with the same number of carbon atoms

24
Q

What causes branched alkanes to boil at lower temperature

A

This is due to decreased surface area in branched alkanes and consequently decreased vanderwaals forces which the requires a low-temperature.

25
Q

Alkanes are derived from…..

A

Natural gas and petroleum

26
Q

Find the compound with the highest boiling point
N-Butane
N-Octane
Iso-Octane
2,2,3,3- Tetramethylbutane

A

N-Octane

27
Q

The correct order for the ease of formation of free radicals is…..

A

3°>2°>1°

28
Q

Paraffin wax is

A

Saturated Hydrocarbon

29
Q

Alkanes undergo halogenation is an example of

A

Free-radical substitution

30
Q

The bond angle between H-C-C bonds of ethane is

A

109.5°

31
Q

What is the akane that is used as fuel in cigarette lighter

A

Butane

32
Q

In the preparation of toluene from an alkane,what alkane is used…

A

N-heptane

CHM 102 (10 decks)

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