amines

Question 1

how can primary aliphatic amines be prepared

Answer 1

by reaction of ammonia with halogenoalkanes

Question 2

how are primary aliphatic amines made

Answer 2

they are made by the reduction of nitriles using a nickel catalyst and hydrogen gas, a reducing agent can be used instead of hydrogen gas

Question 3

how are aromatic amines prepared

Answer 3

reduction of nitro compounds they are refluxed at 100 using a reducing agent of tin and concentrated HCL, they produce dyes as they are brightly coloured

Question 4

base properties of amines

Answer 4

amines are weak bases

Question 5

what does the nucleophilic substitution reaction of ammonia and amines with halogenoalkanes form

Answer 5

primary, secondary, tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts

Question 6

what happens to primary amine after nucleophilic substitution

Answer 6

the lone pairs of electrons on the N atom is readily donated due to the extra electron density from the alkyl group, so the lone pair of electron on the nitrogen atom in amines allow them to act as nucleophile.

Question 7

what are quaternary ammonium salts used for

Answer 7

cationic salts , they contain a large alkyl group, this is due to them having a long non polar hydrocarbon chain and a charged end.