ACID AND BASES

Question 1

what is an acid

Answer 1

a proton donor defined as a substance that can donate a proton

Question 2

what is a base

Answer 2

a proton acceptor defined as a substance that can accept a proton

Question 3

what is Ph

Answer 3

measure of acidity and alkalinity

Question 4

why do we use a logarithmic scale

Answer 4

the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution covers a very wide range

Question 5

how are ion concentrations determined

Answer 5

0 is classified as an acidic solution with high concentration of protons whereas 14 is a basic solution with a low concentration hydrogen ions

Question 6

why is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a monoprotic strong acid the same concentration of the acid

Answer 6

because it completely dissociates to ions in a solution

Question 7

what affects kw

Answer 7

the temperature if different to 25

Question 8

what happens when temperature increases kw

Answer 8

the forward reaction is endothermic so it is more favoured when the temperature of water increases this means hydrogen ions are produced more and water is more acidic as temperature increases

Question 9

what does a titration ph curve show

Answer 9

how the ph of a solution changes during an acid base reaction when they react a neutralisation point os reached which is identified as a large vertical section through neutralisation point

Question 10

why do we use specific indicators

Answer 10

they can only indicate a ph change within a certain range

Question 11

what is methyl orange used for

Answer 11

used for reaction with a more acidic neutralisation point- orange in acids turn yellow at the neutralisation point

Question 12

what is phenolphthalein used for

Answer 12

used for reactions with a more basic neutralisation point- pink in alkalis and turn colourless at the neutralisation point

Question 13

what is a buffer solution

Answer 13

maintains an approximate constant ph dispute dilution or addition of small amounts of acid or base

Question 14

what is an acidic buffer solution

Answer 14

contains weak acid and the salt of the weak acid and basic buffer solution conatin. weak base and the salt of that weak base

Question 15

define the role of buffer solution

Answer 15

a solution which is able to resists the change in ph when small volumes of acid or bases are added

Question 16

does ph of buffer solution change

Answer 16

not much but the order of 0.1 and 0.01 units of PH when a small volume of acid or base is added

Question 17

what happens when we add a small amount of acid

Answer 17

increases the concentration of acid in the buffer solution meaning overall the solution will be slightly more acidic

Question 18

what happens when a small amount of base is added

Answer 18

decrease the concentration if base in the buffer solution meaning the overall solution will be slightly more basic

Question 19

what is buffer solution used for industrially

Answer 19

buffer solutions are commonly used in nature to keep the system regulated, this is important because enzymes or reactions occurring in living organism often require a specific PH which can be maintained using a buffer solution