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Honors World History B > Americas 1650-1850 > Flashcards

Americas 1650-1850 Flashcards

1
Q

American Revolutionary War Definition

A

the war that decreed the United States’ independence from Britain; lasted from 1775 to 1783

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2
Q

Apache Definition

A

a group of Indigenous American tribes in the southwestern United States

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3
Q

Chinook Definition

A

a group of Indigenous American tribes in the northwestern United States

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4
Q

Citizenship Definition

A

the relationship between an individual and a political state to which this person owes allegiance

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5
Q

Colonization Definition

A

the act of large-scale settling and establishing economic and political control over an already settled land

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6
Q

Colonizer Definition

A

a person who takes part in the act of colonization

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7
Q

Convert Definition

A

to adopt a specific belief or faith

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8
Q

First Contact Definition

A

the first meeting between two communities that previously did not have contact with one another

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9
Q

Lewis and Clark Definition

A

two men who undertook an expedition to explore the American continent after the Louisiana Purchase

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10
Q

Navajo Definition

A

an Indigenous American tribe in the southwestern United States

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11
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1789 Definition

A

an American legal document that explained how new land would be incorporated into the country

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12
Q

Pueblo Definition

A

a group of Indigenous American tribes in the southwestern United States

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13
Q

Pueblo Rebellion

A

a rebellion of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers

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14
Q

Resources Definition

A

money, goods, land, or other things that can be used to function effectively or achieve something

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15
Q

Smallpox Definition

A

a disease similar to the flu that can result in death; vaccines today prevent it from occurring

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16
Q

Tribal Land Rights Definition

A

the right of a tribe to take care of and use their land and the resources within it

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17
Q

United Indian Nations of the Old Northwest Definition

A

a group of Indigenous tribes, including the Cherokee and the Iroquois, that formed a confederacy to advocate for their own interests

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18
Q

Westward Expansion Definition

A

the movement of people, farming, and industry into the American West in the nineteenth century

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19
Q

Cayuse Definition

A

an Indigenous American tribe in the northwestern United States

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20
Q

Cholera Definition

A

an infectious and often fatal disease caused by drinking infected water

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21
Q

Coquille Definition

A

an Indigenous American tribe in the northwestern United States

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22
Q

Manifest Destiny Definition

A

the idea that the United States is destined to have a geographical reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans

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23
Q

Oregon Trail Definition

A

a trail that connected Missouri with Oregon and facilitated colonizer expansion across the North American continent

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24
Q

Tribal Sovereignty Definition

A

the right of Indigenous people to govern themselves

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25
Unangan (Aleut) Definition
an Indigenous tribe in what is now the state of Alaska and the Arctic region of Russia
26
Whaling Definition
the act of hunting whales for profit
27
Black Hills War (also known as The Great Sioux War of 1876) Definition
a war fought between the Lakota Sioux (in alliance with the Northern Cheyenne) and the U.S. government between 1876 and 1877
28
Bounty Definition
a reward of money to capture, hurt, or kill someone
29
Compensation Definition
money or goods received in exchange for something
30
Iroquois Confederacy Definition
an alliance of six Iroquois-speaking Indigenous societies that controlled large amounts of land in eastern North America and sided with the English during the American Revolution
31
Lakota Sioux Definition
an Indigenous American tribe in what is now North and South Dakota
32
Ratify Definition
to make official and legally binding
33
Systematic Racism Definition
a form of racism embedded in a society or organization
34
Treaty Definition
a formal agreement between two countries
35
Treaty of Fort Laramie Definition
an agreement made in 1868 between the Lakota Sioux and other Indigenous tribes and the U.S. government
36
Cash Crop Definition
a crop, such as cotton, that is grown for profit and production, rather than food
37
Genocide Definition
the killing of a large number of people from the same ethnicity or culture in order to exterminate the group
38
Labor Definition
the act of work, usually for a figure of authority
39
Social Reformer Definition
someone who tries to make improvements to societies and institutions
40
Chattel Slavery Definition
the enslaving and owning of human beings and their children; in the system of chattel slavery, people were treated like livestock and families were enslaved for generations
41
Encomienda System Definition
a system in which a Spanish soldier was given the rights to the labor of a certain number of Indigenous people who lived in the area
42
Abolitionist Definition
a person who favors ending the practice of a particular institution, such as slavery
43
Indentured Servant Definition
a worker who willingly enters into a labor agreement that includes the number of years that the worker must work in return for pay, housing, and food
44
Indentured Servitude Definition
a type of work in which someone performs labor for no salary, but to pay back an indenture or loan
45
Termination Bonus Definition
goods such as land or money given at the end of an indentured servant’s labor contract
46
Assimilation Definition
a policy in which imperialists force their culture and way of life onto their subjects; it assumes that the way of life of the imperialist is superior to the way of life of the subject
47
Exclusion Definition
the process of being barred from something
48
Nat Turner's Rebellion Definition
a rebellion of enslaved people in Virginia in 1831, led by Nat Turner
49
Tribal Shamanism Definition
varied systems of religious belief followed by Indigenous peoples worldwide in different forms
50
Coercive Acts Definition
a series of acts passed by the British Parliament in 1774 as punishment for the Boston Tea Party
51
Inalienable Rights Definition
the natural rights of all people that are universal and supersede all legal rights
52
Proclamation of 1763 Definition
a royal English law that set aside trans-Appalachia as an Indigenous American reserve and forbade English colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
53
Quartering Act Definition
an act passed by the British Parliament that required the people of Boston to house and feed British soldiers at their own expense
54
Stamp Act Definition
a 1765 British tax that was placed on many products used by the colonists, including legal documents, dice, newspapers, and playing cards
55
Tea Act Definition
a 1773 British act that required American colonists to purchase tea from only British companies
56
Townshend Acts Definition
a 1767 British tax that was placed on products imported to the colonies
57
Siege Definition
a military operation in which an army surrounds an area to cut off supplies and force a surrender
58
Sovereign Nation Definition
a country with a single centralized government that rules over a specific territory
59
Aristocracy Definition
the highest class in a society possessing hereditary power through land, titles, or political offices
60
Deference Definition
showing humble respect
61
Egalitarian Definition
a society where people have equal roles
62
Sovereign Nation Definition
a country with a single centralized government that rules over a specific territory
63
Creole Definition
person of European descent born in the Latin American colonies
64
Hacienda Definition
a large agricultural estate
65
Junta Definition
forceful takeover of the government, often by military force; a military or political group that uses violence to gain political leadership
66
Mestizo Definition
a person of mixed European and indigenous ancestry native to the Americas
67
Peninsulares Definition
members of the Spanish elite in the Americas who held all important positions of power because they had been born in Spain
68
Tyranny Definition
absolute, oppressive rule
69
Abdicate Definition
to renounce or give up a throne
70
Chasquis Definition
messengers
71
Kuraka Definition
a superior, principal Incan leader
72
Caudillo Definition
a political or military leader; a powerful military and political leader in Spanish-speaking areas
73
Coup Definition
a violent takeover of the government
74
Guerrilla Band Definition
a small group of fighters who use unusual methods of warfare
75
Privateer Definition
a privately owned armed ship with a government commission to capture enemy ships
76
Bicameral Definition
a type of legislative, or law-making system, where there are two houses or chambers of members; a different group of representatives serves in each house or chamber
77
Delegate Definition
an individual chosen to represent other people, often at a political event
78
Discourse Definition
a conversation, written or spoken, about a given topic
79
Faction Definition
a group with a different opinion within one larger group; an organized group of citizens that systematically attempts to form a political party
80
Federal Government Definition
a central, or national, government
81
Proportional Representation Definition
a system of choosing numbers of elected representatives based on a defined proportion of a fixed number, such as population size
82
Ratify Definition
to make official and legally binding
83
Second Continental Congress Definition
the United States’ representative government from 1775 through 1781
84
Checks and Balances Definition
the principle of government in which separate branches of government have the power to prevent the actions of the other branches of government and are encouraged to share power with each other
85
Classical Republicanism Definition
a political philosophy developed during the Renaissance, building on ancient Greek and Roman thinkers, that focused on citizen participation in government and creating systems to prevent governments from having excess power
86
Natural Law Definition
a system of law based on human nature and innate values
87
Consul Definition
the title given to one of the two highest officials in the Roman Republic (509 BCE to 27 BCE)
88
Limited Jurisdiction Definition
the idea that the U.S. federal court system is only allowed to hear legal cases that fit specific criteria
89
Trial by Jury of Their Peers Definition
a trial decided by people from the community
90
Bill of Rights Definition
the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that were written in 1791 and guarantee specific rights and freedoms to the people and the states
91
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Definition
a document of basic human liberties written in 1789 that was inspired by the principles of the French Revolution
92
Revolutions of 1848 Definition
a set of revolutions across European nations in 1848, many short-lived, pushing back against the powers of the monarchy
93
United States Constitution Definition
a founding document of the United States that was written in 1787 and outlines the national frame of government in its role as the supreme law of the land
94
Sugar Act Definition
a tax on sugar and molasses imported into the American colonies
95
Tea Act Definition
a tax on tea imported into the American colonies
96
American Revolution Definition
an ideological conflict between Great Britain and the American colonies that resulted in the Revolutionary War
97
Bureaucracy Definition
a government administration managed by departments staffed with nonelected officials
98
Civilian Definition
someone who is not in the military or police force
99
Creole Definition
describing a mixture of Black and European ancestry
100
Monarchist Definition
a supporter of having a government based on a monarchy
101
Republican Definition
a supporter of having a government based on a republican party
102
Structural Racism Definition
a form of racism embedded in a society or organization
103

Honors World History B (6 decks)

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